F-ATP synthase inhibitory factor 1 and mitochondria-organelle interactions: New insight and implications

Abstract

Mitochondria are metabolic hub, and act as primary sites for reactive oxygen species (ROS) and metabolites generation. Mitochondrial Ca²⁺ uptake contributes to Ca²⁺ storage. Mitochondria-organelle interactions are important for cellular metabolic adaptation, biosynthesis, redox balance, cell fate. Organelle communications are mediated by Ca²⁺/ROS signals, vesicle transport and membrane contact sites. The permeability transition pore (PTP) is an unselective channel that provides a release pathway for Ca²⁺/ROS, mtDNA and metabolites. F-ATP synthase inhibitory factor 1 (IF1) participates in regulation of PTP opening and is required for the translocation of transcriptional factors c-Myc/PGC1α to mitochondria to stimulate metabolic switch. IF1, a mitochondrial specific protein, has been suggested to regulate other organelles including nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes. IF1 may be able to mediate mitochondria-organelle interactions and cellular physiology through regulation of PTP activity.