Objectives and achievements of the HUMN project on its 26th anniversary

IF 6.4 2区 医学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Mutation Research-Reviews in Mutation Research Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI:10.1016/j.mrrev.2024.108511
Michael Fenech , Nina Holland , Errol Zeiger , Peter Wushou Chang , Micheline Kirsch-Volders , Claudia Bolognesi , Helga Stopper , Lisbeth E. Knudsen , Siegfried Knasmueller , Armen Nersesyan , Philip Thomas , Varinderpal Dhillon , Permal Deo , Bernhard Franzke , Maria-Grazia Andreassi , Blanca Laffon , Karl-Heinz Wagner , Hannu Norppa , Juliana da Silva , Emanuela V. Volpi , Stefano Bonassi
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Abstract

Micronuclei (MN) are a nuclear abnormality that occurs when chromosome fragments or whole chromosomes are not properly segregated during mitosis and consequently are excluded from the main nuclei and wrapped within nuclear membrane to form small nuclei. This maldistribution of genetic material leads to abnormal cellular genomes which may increase risk of developmental defects, cancers, and accelerated aging. Despite the potential importance of MN as biomarkers of genotoxicity, very little was known about the optimal way to measure MN in humans, the normal ranges of values of MN in healthy humans and the prospective association of MN with developmental and degenerative diseases prior to the 1980’s. In the early 1980’s two important methods to measure MN in humans were developed namely, the cytokinesis-block MN (CBMN) assay using peripheral blood lymphocytes and the Buccal MN assay that measures MN in epithelial cells from the oral mucosa. These discoveries greatly increased interest to use MN assays in human studies. In 1997 the Human Micronucleus (HUMN) project was founded to initiate an international collaboration to (i) harmonise and standardise the techniques used to perform the lymphocyte CBMN assay and the Buccal MN assay; (ii) establish and collate databases of MN frequency in human populations world-wide which also captured demographic, lifestyle and environmental genotoxin exposure data and (iii) use these data to identify the most important variables affecting MN frequency and to also determine whether MN predict disease risk. In this paper we briefly describe the achievements of the HUMN project during the period from the date of its foundation on 9th September 1997 until its 26th Anniversary in 2023, which included more than 200 publications and 23 workshops world-wide.

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HUMN 项目 26 周年的目标和成就。
小核(MN)是一种核异常现象,当染色体片段或整条染色体在有丝分裂过程中不能正确分离,从而被排除在主核之外,并被核膜包裹形成小核。这种遗传物质的分布不当会导致细胞基因组异常,从而增加发育缺陷、癌症和加速衰老的风险。尽管 MN 作为遗传毒性的生物标志物具有潜在的重要性,但在 20 世纪 80 年代之前,人们对测量人体 MN 的最佳方法、健康人体内 MN 的正常值范围以及 MN 与发育和退行性疾病的前瞻性关联知之甚少。20 世纪 80 年代初,人们开发出了两种测量人体 MN 的重要方法,即使用外周血淋巴细胞的细胞因子阻滞 MN(CBMN)检测法和测量口腔粘膜上皮细胞 MN 的口腔 MN 检测法。这些发现大大提高了在人体研究中使用 MN 检测的兴趣。1997 年,人类微核(HUMN)项目成立,启动了一项国际合作项目,旨在:(i) 统一淋巴细胞 CBMN 检测和颊黏膜 MN 检测技术并使之标准化;(ii) 建立和整理全球人类 MN 频率数据库,其中还包括人口统计学、生活方式和环境遗传毒素暴露数据;(iii) 利用这些数据确定影响 MN 频率的最重要变量,并确定 MN 是否可预测疾病风险。本文简要介绍了 HUMN 项目自 1997 年 9 月 9 日成立至 2023 年 26 周年期间所取得的成就,其中包括在全球范围内发表了 200 多篇论文和举办了 23 次研讨会。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
12.20
自引率
1.90%
发文量
22
审稿时长
15.7 weeks
期刊介绍: The subject areas of Reviews in Mutation Research encompass the entire spectrum of the science of mutation research and its applications, with particular emphasis on the relationship between mutation and disease. Thus this section will cover advances in human genome research (including evolving technologies for mutation detection and functional genomics) with applications in clinical genetics, gene therapy and health risk assessment for environmental agents of concern.
期刊最新文献
Emerging pollutants in the aquatic environments: A review of genotoxic impacts State of art of micronuclei assay in exfoliative cytology as a clinical biomarker of genetic damage in oral carcinogenesis: A systematic review and meta-analysis A critical review of the impact of candidate copy number variants on autism spectrum disorder Use of micronucleus cytome assays with buccal cells for the detection of genotoxic effects: A systematic review and meta-analysis of occupational exposures to metals Genome-scale mutational signature analysis in fixed archived tissues
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