Feng Li, Yanli Zhang, Chunfu Li, Fenqi Li, Baojiang Gan, Hong Yu, Jian Li, Xinyu Feng, Wei Hu
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Abstract
Background: Clonorchis sinensis is a zoonotic liver fluke that inhabits the bile ducts of the human liver for prolonged periods, leading to cholangiocarcinoma. Recent research indicates associations between altered biliary microbiota and bile duct disorders. However, the impacts of C. sinensis infection on bile duct epithelium and subsequent effects on biliary microbiota remain unknown.
Methods: Feline bile duct samples were collected from both uninfected and C. sinensis-infected cats. Histopathological examination was performed to assess epithelial changes, fibrosis, mucin and cell proliferation using hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry. Additionally, biliary microbiota composition was analyzed through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Statistical analyses were conducted to compare the microbial diversity and relative abundance between infected and uninfected samples.
Results: Histopathological analysis of infected feline bile ducts revealed prominent epithelial hyperplasia characterized by increased cell proliferation. Moreover, periductal fibrosis and collagen fibrosis were observed in infected samples compared to uninfected controls. Biliary microbial richness decreased with disease progression compared to uninfected controls. Streptococcus abundance positively correlated with disease severity, dominating communities in cancer samples. Predictive functional analysis suggested that C. sinensis may promote bile duct lesions by increasing microbial genes for carbohydrate metabolism, replication, and repair.
Conclusions: This study provides comprehensive insights into the pathological effects of C. sinensis infection on feline bile duct epithelium and its influence on biliary microbiota composition. These novel findings provide insight into C. sinensis pathogenesis and could inform therapeutic development against human clonorchiasis. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms driving these changes and their implications for host-parasite interactions.
背景：中华克龙吸虫是一种人畜共患的肝吸虫，长期栖息于人体肝脏的胆管中，可导致胆管癌。最新研究表明，胆道微生物群的改变与胆管疾病有关。然而，中华鹅膏菌感染对胆管上皮的影响以及随后对胆道微生物群的影响仍然未知：方法：从未感染和感染了 C. sinensis 的猫身上采集猫胆管样本。采用苏木精-伊红染色法和免疫组化法进行组织病理学检查，以评估上皮变化、纤维化、粘蛋白和细胞增殖。此外，还通过 16S rRNA 基因测序分析了胆道微生物群的组成。统计分析比较了感染样本和未感染样本的微生物多样性和相对丰度：感染猫胆管的组织病理学分析显示，猫胆管上皮明显增生，细胞增殖增加。此外，与未感染对照组相比，在感染样本中观察到导管周围纤维化和胶原纤维化。与未感染的对照组相比，胆道微生物的丰富度随着疾病的进展而降低。链球菌的丰富度与疾病的严重程度呈正相关，在癌症样本的群落中占主导地位。预测性功能分析表明，中华链球菌可能会通过增加碳水化合物代谢、复制和修复的微生物基因来促进胆管病变：本研究全面揭示了中华鹅膏菌感染对猫胆管上皮的病理影响及其对胆道微生物群组成的影响。这些新发现有助于深入了解 C. sinensis 的致病机理，并为开发针对人类克隆氏病的疗法提供依据。还需要进一步的研究来阐明驱动这些变化的潜在机制及其对宿主-寄生虫相互作用的影响。
期刊介绍：
Parasite is an international open-access, peer-reviewed, online journal publishing high quality papers on all aspects of human and animal parasitology. Reviews, articles and short notes may be submitted. Fields include, but are not limited to: general, medical and veterinary parasitology; morphology, including ultrastructure; parasite systematics, including entomology, acarology, helminthology and protistology, and molecular analyses; molecular biology and biochemistry; immunology of parasitic diseases; host-parasite relationships; ecology and life history of parasites; epidemiology; therapeutics; new diagnostic tools.
All papers in Parasite are published in English. Manuscripts should have a broad interest and must not have been published or submitted elsewhere. No limit is imposed on the length of manuscripts, but they should be concisely written. Papers of limited interest such as case reports, epidemiological studies in punctual areas, isolated new geographical records, and systematic descriptions of single species will generally not be accepted, but might be considered if the authors succeed in demonstrating their interest.
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