Chlorophyllase (PsCLH1) and light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding protein 1 (PsLhcb1) and PsLhcb5 maintain petal greenness in Paeonia suffruticosa 'Lv Mu Yin Yu'.

Qing Hao, Tongtong Li, Gaojie Lu, Shuo Wang, Zhen Li, Cancan Gu, Fan Kong, Qingyan Shu, Yang Li
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Abstract

Introduction: Green flowers are not an adaptive trait in natural plants due to the challenge for pollinators to discriminate from leaves, but they are valuable in horticulture. The molecular mechanisms of green petals remain unclear. Tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa) is a globally cultivated ornamental plant and considered the 'King of Flowers' in China. The P. suffruticosa 'Lv Mu Yin Yu (LMYY)' cultivar with green petals could be utilized as a representative model for understanding petal-specific chlorophyll (Chl) accumulation and color formation.

Objectives: Identify the key genes related to Chl metabolism and understand the molecular mechanism of petal color changes.

Methods: The petal color parameter was analyzed at five developmental stages using a Chroma Spectrophotometer, and Chl and anthocyanin accumulation patterns were examined. Based on comparative transcriptomes, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, among which three were functionally characterized through overexpression in tobacco plants or silencing in 'LMYY' petals.

Results: During flower development and blooming, flower color changed from green to pale pink, consistent with the Chl and anthocyanin levels. The level of Chl demonstrated a similar pattern with petal epidermal cell striation density. The DEGs responsible for Chl and anthocyanin metabolism were characterized through a comparative transcriptome analysis of flower petals over three critical developmental stages. The key chlorophyllase (PsCLH1) and light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding protein 1 (PsLhcb1) and PsLhcb5 influenced the Chl accumulation and the greenness of 'LMYY' petals.

Conclusion: PsCLH1, PsLhcb1, and PsLhcb5 were critical in accumulating the Chl and maintaining the petal greenness. Flower color changes from green to pale pink were regulated by the homeostasis of Chl degradation and anthocyanin biosynthesis. This study offers insights into underlying molecular mechanisms in the green petal and a strategy for germplasm innovation.

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叶绿素酶(PsCLH)和采光叶绿素 a/b 结合蛋白 1(PsLhcb1)和 PsLhcb5 可保持芍药'绿沐银鱼'花瓣的绿色。
介绍:由于授粉昆虫很难将绿色花朵与叶子区分开来,因此绿色花朵并不是自然植物的适应性状,但在园艺中却很有价值。绿色花瓣的分子机制仍不清楚。树牡丹(Paeonia suffruticosa)是一种全球栽培的观赏植物,在中国被誉为 "花中之王"。具有绿色花瓣的牡丹栽培品种 "绿牡银玉(LMYY)"可作为了解花瓣特异性叶绿素(Chl)积累和颜色形成的代表性模型:鉴定叶绿素代谢相关的关键基因,了解花瓣颜色变化的分子机制:方法:使用色度分光光度计分析花瓣五个发育阶段的颜色参数,并研究 Chl 和花青素的积累模式。在比较转录组的基础上,确定了差异表达基因(DEGs),其中三个基因通过在烟草植株中的过表达或在'LMYY'花瓣中的沉默进行了功能表征:结果:在花的发育和开花过程中,花的颜色从绿色变为淡粉色,这与叶绿素和花青素的水平一致。叶绿素水平与花瓣表皮细胞条纹密度的变化规律相似。通过对花瓣三个关键发育阶段的转录组进行比较分析,确定了负责叶绿素和花青素代谢的 DEGs 的特征。关键的叶绿素酶(PsCLH1)和采光叶绿素a/b结合蛋白1(PsLhcb1)和PsLhcb5影响了'LMYY'花瓣的叶绿素积累和绿色度:结论:PsCLH1、PsLhcb1 和 PsLhcb5 在积累叶绿素和保持花瓣绿色方面起着关键作用。花色从绿色到淡粉色的变化受 Chl 降解和花青素生物合成平衡的调控。这项研究有助于深入了解绿色花瓣的潜在分子机制,并为种质创新提供策略。
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