A Cluster-Randomized Control Study Comparing a New Cue “Two Compressions per Second” with “100–120 Compressions per Minute” in Training of Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Abstract

Background

Chest compression at a rate of 100–120 compressions per minute (cpm) during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is associated with the highest survival rates. Performing compressions at a faster rate may exhaust the rescuers.

Objectives

To compare a new cue of ‘two compressions per second’ to the traditional cue of ‘100–120 compressions per minute’ on compression rate in CPR training.

Methods

In this cluster-randomized study, students from two senior high schools were assigned into two groups. For the experimental group, the cue for the compression rate was ‘two compressions per second’. For the control group, the cue was ‘100–120 cpm’. Except the different cues, all participants underwent the same standardized CPR training program. Verbal compression rate-related feedback was not obtained during practice. Quality indicators of chest compressions were recorded by a sensorized manikin. The primary outcome measure was mean compression rate at course conclusion. The secondary outcome measures were individual compression quality indicators at course conclusion and 3 months after training.

Results

We included 164 participants (85 participants, experimental group; 79 participants, control group). Both groups had similar characteristics. The experimental group had a significantly lower mean compression rate at course conclusion (144.3 ± 16.17 vs. 152.7 ± 18.38 cpm, p = 0.003) and at 3 months after training (p = 0.09). The two groups had similar mean percentage of adequate compression rate (≥ 100 cpm), mean compression depth, and mean percentage of complete recoil at course conclusion and 3 months after training.

Conclusion

The new cue of ‘two compressions per second’ resulted in participants having a lower compression rate, although it still exceeded 120 cpm.