Limited sex differences in spatial language in parent-child dyads

IF 4.7 1区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Learning and Instruction Pub Date : 2024-09-07 DOI:10.1016/j.learninstruc.2024.102006
Emily K. Farran , Elian Fink , Claire Hughes , Katie A. Gilligan-Lee
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Abstract

Background

There is a complex pattern of sex differences in spatial abilities, yet there is limited knowledge of sex differences in children's exposure to, and children's use of, spatial language. The aim of this study was to directly compare mother-child and father-child interactions to investigate differences by child and parent sex in spatial language.

Methods

The first 3-min of mother-child and father-child DUPLO® play sessions were coded for spatial language when the child was 24 months (N = 187 families; 105:82 boys:girls) and two years later at 48 months (N = 115 families; 66:49 boys:girls).

Results

There were no sex differences in children's or parents' spatial language use at 24 months or 48 months. Regardless of socioeconomic status or parent talkativeness, parents showed more variety of spatial language (quality) with their daughters than their sons, but a similar quantity of spatial language with their daughters and sons. Associational analyses revealed a concurrent association between parent and child spatial language use at 48 months, but parent spatial language at 24 months did not predict child spatial language 2 years later. No direct sex effects were observed for cross-sectional or longitudinal associational analyses.

Conclusions

Higher spatial language quality with daughters could reflect a higher (perceived) need to provide conceptual support to daughters than sons. Beyond this, we found limited evidence of sex effects. Our findings represent an important contribution, demonstrating comparable levels of exposure to spatial language to sons and daughters, and comparable elicitation of spatial language from young boys and girls.

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亲子关系中空间语言的性别差异有限
背景空间能力的性别差异存在复杂的模式,但人们对儿童接触和使用空间语言的性别差异了解有限。本研究旨在直接比较母子和父子之间的互动,以调查儿童和父母在空间语言方面的性别差异。方法在儿童 24 个月大时(N = 187 个家庭;105:82 男孩:82 女孩)和两年后 48 个月大时(N = 115 个家庭;66:49 男孩:49 女孩),对母子和父子 DUPLO® 游戏的前 3 分钟进行空间语言编码。无论社会经济地位或父母是否健谈,父母对女儿使用的空间语言种类(质量)多于儿子,但对女儿和儿子使用的空间语言数量相似。关联分析表明,48 个月时父母和孩子使用空间语言之间存在并发关联,但 24 个月时父母的空间语言并不能预测 2 年后孩子的空间语言。结论与儿子相比,女儿的空间语言质量更高,这可能反映了为女儿提供概念支持的(感知)需求更高。除此之外,我们还发现了有限的性别效应证据。我们的研究结果表明,儿子和女儿接触空间语言的水平相当,从男孩和女孩那里获得的空间语言也相当,这是我们的一项重要贡献。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
11.30
自引率
4.80%
发文量
109
期刊介绍: As an international, multi-disciplinary, peer-refereed journal, Learning and Instruction provides a platform for the publication of the most advanced scientific research in the areas of learning, development, instruction and teaching. The journal welcomes original empirical investigations. The papers may represent a variety of theoretical perspectives and different methodological approaches. They may refer to any age level, from infants to adults and to a diversity of learning and instructional settings, from laboratory experiments to field studies. The major criteria in the review and the selection process concern the significance of the contribution to the area of learning and instruction, and the rigor of the study.
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