Minthostachys verticillata essential oil modulates cytokine synthesis and Staphylococcus aureus internalization in MAC-T cells at least through TLR4/MyD88/NFkB pathway.

IF 1.8 3区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Veterinary Research Communications Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-09 DOI:10.1007/s11259-024-10526-6
Sofía Arsaute, Elina Beatriz Reinoso, María Eugenia Cecchini, Melina Vanesa Moliva, Ivana Dalila Montironi, Laura Noelia Cariddi
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Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the activation pathway(s) triggered by Minthostachys verticillata essential oil (EO) in bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T) challenged with a strain of bovine Staphylococcus aureus. MAC-T cells were stimulated with EO, S. aureus or pre-treated with EO and then challenged with S. aureus. Cytokine's release was measured by ELISA. The mRNA for TLR2, TLR4, NOD2, MyD88 and NFκB was quantified by RT-qPCR. S. aureus adherence and internalization was also evaluated. MAC-T cells stimulated with S. aureus synthesized high levels of IL-1ß and IL-6 were kept up to 48 h, while IL-4 levels were not altered. Cells pre-treated with EO for 2 and 6 h and then challenged with S. aureus showed a significant increase of IL-1β and IL-6. However, in these cells, a decrease in IL-1ß and IL-6 levels and an increase of IL-4 values was observed from 24 h. No significant increase in the expression levels of TLR2 or NOD2 was detected in all stimulated cells. However, the expression of TLR4, MyD88 and NFκB was increased in cells stimulated with S. aureus at 2 and 6 h as well as in cells pre-treated with EO between 2 and 6 h and then challenged with S. aureus. The NFκB expression levels was similar to control at 24 h in all stimulated cells, although pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and TLR4 and MyD88 expression levels remained high in cells stimulated with S. aureus. This results suggested the activation of other pathways independent of MyD88 by the pathogen that involucrated the activation of others transcription factors. Pre-treatment with EO during 2, 6 and 24 h did not affect S. aureus adherence but decreased its internalization. In conclusion, pre-treatment with EO increased the IL-1β and IL-6 synthesis during the first hours post-challenged with S. aureus up-regulating TLR4/MyD88/NFκB pathway. Furthermore, EO increased the IL-4 levels from 6 to 24 h down-regulating the NFκB and possibly other transcription factors activated by the pathogen, which decreased its internalization into MAC-T cells.

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Minthostachys verticillata精油至少通过TLR4/MyD88/NFkB途径调节MAC-T细胞中细胞因子的合成和金黄色葡萄球菌的内化。
本研究的目的是评估牛乳腺上皮细胞(MAC-T)在受到牛金黄色葡萄球菌菌株挑战时,由马齿苋精油(EO)引发的活化途径。用 EO、金黄色葡萄球菌刺激 MAC-T 细胞,或先用 EO 预处理,然后用金黄色葡萄球菌挑战 MAC-T 细胞。细胞因子的释放用酶联免疫吸附法测定。通过 RT-qPCR 对 TLR2、TLR4、NOD2、MyD88 和 NFκB 的 mRNA 进行定量。此外,还对金黄色葡萄球菌的粘附和内化进行了评估。受到金黄色葡萄球菌刺激的 MAC-T 细胞可合成高水平的 IL-1ß 和 IL-6,并可维持到 48 小时,而 IL-4 的水平没有改变。用环氧乙烷预处理 2 小时和 6 小时后再用金黄色葡萄球菌刺激的细胞,IL-1β 和 IL-6 均显著增加。然而,在这些细胞中,从 24 小时开始,IL-1ß 和 IL-6 水平下降,IL-4 水平上升。然而,在受到金黄色葡萄球菌刺激的细胞中,TLR4、MyD88 和 NFκB 的表达水平在 2 小时和 6 小时内均有所提高,而在用环氧乙烷预处理后再受到金黄色葡萄球菌挑战的细胞中,TLR4、MyD88 和 NFκB 的表达水平在 2 小时和 6 小时内也有所提高。尽管在受到金黄色葡萄球菌刺激的细胞中,促炎细胞因子水平、TLR4 和 MyD88 表达水平仍然很高,但所有受到刺激的细胞在 24 小时后的 NFκB 表达水平与对照组相似。这一结果表明,病原体激活了与 MyD88 无关的其他通路,从而引发了其他转录因子的激活。用环氧乙烷预处理 2、6 和 24 小时不会影响金黄色葡萄球菌的粘附,但会减少其内化。总之,在金黄色葡萄球菌感染后的最初几小时内,预处理环氧乙烷会增加 IL-1β 和 IL-6 的合成,从而上调 TLR4/MyD88/NFκB 通路。此外,环氧乙烷在 6 至 24 小时内增加了 IL-4 的水平,下调了 NFκB 以及可能由病原体激活的其他转录因子,从而减少了病原体在 MAC-T 细胞内的内化。
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来源期刊
Veterinary Research Communications
Veterinary Research Communications 农林科学-兽医学
CiteScore
2.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
173
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Veterinary Research Communications publishes fully refereed research articles and topical reviews on all aspects of the veterinary sciences. Interdisciplinary articles are particularly encouraged, as are well argued reviews, even if they are somewhat controversial. The journal is an appropriate medium in which to publish new methods, newly described diseases and new pathological findings, as these are applied to animals. The material should be of international rather than local interest. As it deliberately seeks a wide coverage, Veterinary Research Communications provides its readers with a means of keeping abreast of current developments in the entire field of veterinary science.
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