Biodiesel production from agricultural biomass wastes: Duroc breed fat oil, Citrillus lanatus rind, and Sorghum Bagasse

IF 1.6 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES MethodsX Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI:10.1016/j.mex.2024.102948

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Abstract

This research study synthesized a base catalyst from the waste Citrullus lanatus rind (WCLR) for the synthesis of biodiesel from the waste pig fat oil. The high-acid-value oil (high free fatty acid: FFA) was converted to low-acid-value oil through adsorption in sorghum bagasse ash with high particle sizes. The developed base catalyst was obtained from the WCLR and was characterized via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD-FT), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) adsorption analysis. The properties of biodiesel were compared with the recommended standard.

Results reflected that the duroc breed pig fat is rich in oil, and the oil is unsaturated. Sorghum bagasse proved to be a good bio-adsorbent for the unsaturated fat FFA reduction. The catalyst produced from WCLR was found to be rich in potassium-calcium-magnesium (K-Ca-Mg) base salts. The predicted yield of 98.69 % (wt./wt.) at 69.96 min, 79.93 °C, 3.15 % (wt.), and 8.57 (vol.) at desirability of 100 % was validated as 98.52 % (wt./wt.). Catalytic strength can be recycled in five cycles. The cost implications indicated that the cost of producing 25 L of biodiesel is $2.61.

This study proved to be the most economical way of producing biodiesel that is environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and easy to produce for future energy needs.

•
Oil was obtained via rendering from duroc breed waste fat oil.
•
Sorghum bagasse was used as adsorbent for acid reduction of high FFA pig fat oil.
•
Base catalyst used was obtained from calcined waste Citrullus lanatus rind.

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利用农业生物质废物生产生物柴油：杜洛克品种脂肪油、香橼果皮和高粱蔗渣

本研究从废弃鹅掌楸果皮（WCLR）中合成了一种基础催化剂，用于从废弃猪脂肪油中合成生物柴油。高酸值油（高游离脂肪酸）通过吸附在高粒径的高粱蔗渣灰中转化为低酸值油。所开发的基础催化剂来自 WCLR，并通过热重分析 (TGA)、扫描电子显微镜与能量色散 X 射线光谱 (SEM/EDX)、傅立叶变换红外光谱 (FTIR)、X 射线衍射 (XRD-FT) 和布鲁瑙尔-艾美特-泰勒 (BET) 吸附分析进行了表征。结果表明，杜洛克种猪脂肪富含油脂，且油脂不饱和。结果表明，杜洛克种猪脂肪富含油脂，且油脂为不饱和油脂，高粱蔗渣被证明是减少不饱和脂肪中脂肪酸的良好生物吸附剂。由 WCLR 制成的催化剂富含钾-钙-镁（K-Ca-Mg）基盐。在 69.96 分钟、79.93 °C、3.15 %（重量）和 8.57（体积）的条件下，在理想度为 100 % 时，预测产率为 98.69 %（重量/重量），经验证为 98.52 %（重量/重量）。催化强度可在五个周期内循环使用。成本影响表明，生产 25 升生物柴油的成本为 2.61 美元。这项研究被证明是生产生物柴油的最经济的方法，既环保、成本效益高，又易于生产，可满足未来的能源需求。

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