{"title":"Molecular mechanisms of the specialization of human synapses in the neocortex","authors":"Eirini Christopoulou, Cécile Charrier","doi":"10.1016/j.gde.2024.102258","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Synapses of the neocortex specialized during human evolution to develop over extended timescales, process vast amounts of information and increase connectivity, which is thought to underlie our advanced social and cognitive abilities. These features reflect species-specific regulations of neuron and synapse cell biology. However, despite growing understanding of the human genome and the brain transcriptome at the single-cell level, linking human-specific genetic changes to the specialization of human synapses has remained experimentally challenging. In this review, we describe recent progress in characterizing divergent morphofunctional and developmental properties of human synapses, and we discuss new insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms. We also highlight intersections between evolutionary innovations and disorder-related dysfunctions at the synapse.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50606,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Genetics & Development","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 102258"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959437X24001072/pdfft?md5=ef039913beee7944234497d1dfe20f66&pid=1-s2.0-S0959437X24001072-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Current Opinion in Genetics & Development","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959437X24001072","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"CELL BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Synapses of the neocortex specialized during human evolution to develop over extended timescales, process vast amounts of information and increase connectivity, which is thought to underlie our advanced social and cognitive abilities. These features reflect species-specific regulations of neuron and synapse cell biology. However, despite growing understanding of the human genome and the brain transcriptome at the single-cell level, linking human-specific genetic changes to the specialization of human synapses has remained experimentally challenging. In this review, we describe recent progress in characterizing divergent morphofunctional and developmental properties of human synapses, and we discuss new insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms. We also highlight intersections between evolutionary innovations and disorder-related dysfunctions at the synapse.
期刊介绍：
Current Opinion in Genetics and Development aims to stimulate scientifically grounded, interdisciplinary, multi-scale debate and exchange of ideas. It contains polished, concise and timely reviews and opinions, with particular emphasis on those articles published in the past two years. In addition to describing recent trends, the authors are encouraged to give their subjective opinion of the topics discussed.
In Current Opinion in Genetics and Development we help the reader by providing in a systematic manner:
1. The views of experts on current advances in their field in a clear and readable form.
2. Evaluations of the most interesting papers, annotated by experts, from the great wealth of original publications.[...]
The subject of Genetics and Development is divided into six themed sections, each of which is reviewed once a year:
• Cancer Genomics
• Genome Architecture and Expression
• Molecular and genetic basis of disease
• Developmental mechanisms, patterning and evolution
• Cell reprogramming, regeneration and repair
• Genetics of Human Origin / Evolutionary genetics (alternate years)
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