Hookworm prevalence in ocelots in Costa Rica is inconsistent with spillover from domestic dogs despite high overlap

IF 2.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Ecosphere Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI:10.1002/ecs2.4947
Juan S. Vargas Soto, Katelyn M. Gostic, Natalka A. Melnycky, Julianna G. Johnson, Andrew P. Dobson, Kevin D. Lafferty, Claire J. Standley, Péter K. Molnár
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Abstract

Spatial overlap between wildlife and related domestic animals can lead to disease transmission, with substantial evidence for viral and bacterial spillover. Domestic and wild animals can also share potentially harmful helminth parasites, many of which have environmental transmission stages that do not require direct contact between hosts. We used camera traps, fecal sampling, and mathematical modeling to evaluate the potential for hookworm parasites to spillover from domestic dogs to wild cats in the Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica. Traditional microscopy was found to be more sensitive than DNA-based diagnostics for parasites, though the methods were complementary. We found high hookworm (Ancylostoma spp.) prevalence in domestic dogs (74.2%, 95% CI: 67.0%–80.7%, N = 155), and considerable spatial overlap with ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) and pumas (Puma concolor), particularly on trails and dirt roads. Pumas had hookworm prevalence of 36.4% (18.6%–57.2%, N = 22), and ocelots had 27.3% (7.6%–56.5%, N = 11); however, molecular identification of these parasites was inconclusive. We developed a macroparasite transmission model to infer the likelihood of spillover, compared with separate parasite cycles, or different parasite species in each host. According to the model, spillover of hookworm from dogs would lead to a prevalence of less than 10% in wild hosts. Low presumed compatibility between wild hosts and parasites adapted to domestic species limits the prevalence that could be reached in wild species, even under potentially higher overlap. The prevalence observed was more consistent with a model that assumes hookworms in wild cats in the Osa are a cat-specific parasite. The combination of parasitology, molecular diagnostics, and mathematical modeling used here could complement wildlife disease monitoring programs worldwide to shed light on understudied helminth–host dynamics at the domestic–wild animal interface.

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哥斯达黎加猫鼬体内的钩虫流行情况与家犬外溢情况不一致,尽管两者高度重叠
野生动物与相关家畜之间的空间重叠可能导致疾病传播,有大量证据表明存在病毒和细菌外溢。家养动物和野生动物还可以共享潜在的有害蠕虫寄生虫,其中许多寄生虫的环境传播阶段不需要宿主之间的直接接触。我们使用相机陷阱、粪便取样和数学建模来评估哥斯达黎加奥萨半岛钩虫寄生虫从家犬向野猫传播的可能性。我们发现,传统的显微镜检查比基于 DNA 的寄生虫诊断更灵敏,尽管这两种方法是互补的。我们发现家犬的钩虫(Ancylostoma spp.)感染率很高(74.2%,95% CI:67.0%-80.7%,N = 155),而且与猫鼬(Leopardus pardalis)和美洲狮(Puma concolor)有相当大的空间重叠,尤其是在小径和土路上。美洲狮的钩虫感染率为 36.4%(18.6%-57.2%,N = 22),猫鼬为 27.3%(7.6%-56.5%,N = 11);然而,这些寄生虫的分子鉴定并不确定。我们建立了一个大型寄生虫传播模型,以推断外溢的可能性,并与单独的寄生虫周期或每个宿主体内不同的寄生虫种类进行比较。根据该模型,狗的钩虫外溢会导致野生宿主中的流行率低于 10%。野生宿主与适应家养物种的寄生虫之间的低假定兼容性限制了在野生物种中可能达到的流行率,即使在潜在的较高重叠率下也是如此。观察到的流行率更符合假设奥萨地区野猫体内的钩虫是猫特有寄生虫的模型。这里使用的寄生虫学、分子诊断学和数学建模相结合的方法可以补充全球野生动物疾病监测项目,从而揭示家养动物与野生动物交界处未得到充分研究的螺旋体-宿主动态。
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来源期刊
Ecosphere
Ecosphere ECOLOGY-
CiteScore
4.70
自引率
3.70%
发文量
378
审稿时长
15 weeks
期刊介绍: The scope of Ecosphere is as broad as the science of ecology itself. The journal welcomes submissions from all sub-disciplines of ecological science, as well as interdisciplinary studies relating to ecology. The journal''s goal is to provide a rapid-publication, online-only, open-access alternative to ESA''s other journals, while maintaining the rigorous standards of peer review for which ESA publications are renowned.
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