Montane springs provide regeneration refugia after high-severity wildfire

IF 2.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Ecosphere Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI:10.1002/ecs2.70009
Grace Peven, Mary Engels, Jan U. H. Eitel, Robert A. Andrus
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Abstract

In the mountainous regions of the Western United States, increasing wildfire activity and climate change are putting forests at risk of regeneration failure and conversion to non-forests. During periods with unfavorable climatic conditions, locations that are suitable for post-fire tree regeneration (regeneration refugia) may be essential for forest recovery. These refugia could provide scattered islands of recovering forest from which broader forest recovery may be facilitated. Spring ecosystems provide cool and wet microsites relative to the surrounding landscape and may act as regeneration refugia, though few studies have investigated their influence on post-fire regeneration. To address this knowledge gap, we quantified coniferous tree regeneration adjacent to and away from springs in mixed-conifer forests in a mountainous region of central Idaho, USA. Our research objectives were to (1) quantify post-fire conifer density near and away from springs, (2) assess the relative importance of distance to a spring compared with other biophysical factors important to post-fire regeneration, and (3) examine the temporal trends of post-fire seedling establishment near and away from springs. In areas burned at high severity from fires in 1988, 2000, and 2006, we sampled transects at 27 springs for the count, age, and height of extant conifer seedlings, as well as topographic factors and distance to surviving seed source. We modeled the relative effects of distance to a spring, topographic variables (slope, heat load index, elevation), post-fire climate, and distance to surviving seed source for the two dominant species, Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), using a generalized linear mixed-effects model. Our study revealed that proximity to springs resulted in higher conifer density and earlier establishment after high-severity wildfire when conditions for available seeds and topography were also met. Our results demonstrate that springs are important and previously undescribed regeneration refugia with landscape-scale implications for post-fire forest recovery in increasingly water-limited environments. Springs are relatively abundant features of montane landscapes and may offer continued regeneration refugia for post-fire recovery into the future, but additional springs mapping and hydroclimatic considerations are needed.

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山地泉水在严重野火后提供了再生庇护所
在美国西部山区,野火活动的增加和气候变化使森林面临再生失败和转变为非森林的风险。在气候条件不利的时期,适合火灾后树木再生的地点(再生保护区)可能对森林恢复至关重要。这些保护区可以提供零星的森林恢复岛屿,从而促进更广泛的森林恢复。相对于周围的景观而言,春季生态系统提供了凉爽湿润的微生境,可作为再生庇护所,但很少有研究调查它们对火灾后再生的影响。为了填补这一知识空白,我们对美国爱达荷州中部山区针阔混交林中泉水附近和远离泉水的针叶树再生情况进行了量化研究。我们的研究目标是:(1) 量化靠近和远离泉水的火烧后针叶树密度;(2) 评估与其他对火烧后再生重要的生物物理因素相比,与泉水的距离的相对重要性;(3) 研究靠近和远离泉水的火烧后树苗建立的时间趋势。在 1988 年、2000 年和 2006 年火灾烧毁严重的地区,我们对 27 个泉眼的横断面进行了采样,以了解现存针叶树幼苗的数量、年龄和高度,以及地形因素和与存活种源的距离。我们使用广义线性混合效应模型,对两种主要树种--花旗松(Pseudotsuga menziesii)和落叶松(Pinus contorta)--与泉水的距离、地形变量(坡度、热负荷指数、海拔)、火灾后气候以及与存活种源的距离的相对影响进行了建模。我们的研究表明,在满足可用种子和地形条件的情况下,靠近泉水可提高针叶林密度,并在严重野火后提早成林。我们的研究结果表明,泉水是重要的、以前未曾描述过的再生庇护所,在水源日益有限的环境中,它对火灾后森林恢复的景观尺度具有重要影响。泉水是山地景观中相对丰富的特征,可能会在未来为火灾后的恢复提供持续的再生庇护所,但还需要更多的泉水绘图和水文气候考虑。
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来源期刊
Ecosphere
Ecosphere ECOLOGY-
CiteScore
4.70
自引率
3.70%
发文量
378
审稿时长
15 weeks
期刊介绍: The scope of Ecosphere is as broad as the science of ecology itself. The journal welcomes submissions from all sub-disciplines of ecological science, as well as interdisciplinary studies relating to ecology. The journal''s goal is to provide a rapid-publication, online-only, open-access alternative to ESA''s other journals, while maintaining the rigorous standards of peer review for which ESA publications are renowned.
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