Changes in parental attitudes toward attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder impairment over time

JCPP advances Pub Date : 2024-04-30 DOI:10.1002/jcv2.12238
Miguel Garcia-Argibay, Ralf Kuja-Halkola, Sebastian Lundström, Paul Lichtenstein, Samuele Cortese, Henrik Larsson
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Abstract

Background

Over the last decades, the prevalence of Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has increased. However, the underlying explanation for this increase remains unclear. We aimed to assess whether there has been a secular change in how parents perceive the impairment conferred by ADHD symptomatology.

Methods

Data for this study were obtained from the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden, involving 27,240 individuals whose parents answered a questionnaire when the children were 9 years old. We assessed the relationship between parentally perceived impairment caused by ADHD symptoms scores over time. The analysis was performed separately for five different birth cohorts, spanning three-year periods from 1995 to 2009 and for ADHD inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity dimensions.

Results

We found a consistent upward trend of parents reporting impairment in relation to ADHD symptomatology across birth cohorts. Over a 12-year period, comparing those born 2007–2009 (assessed 2016–2018) with those born 1995–1997 (assessed 2004–2006), impairment scores increased by 27% at clinically relevant levels of ADHD symptomatology. Notably, when specifically evaluating the hyperactivity/impulsivity dimension, the disparity was even more striking, with an increase of up to 77%.

Conclusions

This study revealed a significant secular change in parental perception of impairment attributed to ADHD symptomatology over recent decades, providing new insights into the increased prevalence of ADHD. It underscores the need to better understand the factors that have contributed to the increased perception of impairment related to ADHD symptoms.

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父母对注意力缺陷/多动障碍损害的态度随时间的推移而变化
背景 过去几十年来,注意力缺陷/多动症(ADHD)的发病率不断上升。然而,这种增长的根本原因仍不清楚。我们的目的是评估父母对注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)症状所造成的损害的看法是否发生了长期变化。 本研究的数据来自瑞典的儿童和青少年双胞胎研究(Child and Adolescent Twin Study),涉及 27,240 人,他们的父母在孩子 9 岁时回答了问卷。我们评估了父母对多动症症状造成的损害的感知得分随时间变化的关系。该分析针对 1995 年至 2009 年三年期间的五个不同出生队列以及注意力不集中多动症和多动/冲动多动症两个维度分别进行。 结果 我们发现,在不同的出生组群中,父母报告多动症症状受损的比例呈持续上升趋势。在 12 年的时间里,将 2007-2009 年出生的儿童(评估时间为 2016-2018 年)与 1995-1997 年出生的儿童(评估时间为 2004-2006 年)进行比较,发现在临床相关的多动症状水平上,损伤得分增加了 27%。值得注意的是,在具体评估多动/冲动维度时,差距更为显著,增幅高达 77%。 结论 本研究揭示了近几十年来家长对多动症症状损害的认知发生了重大的世俗变化,为了解多动症患病率的增加提供了新的视角。它强调有必要更好地了解导致与多动症症状相关的损伤感增加的因素。
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