{"title":"Analysis and detection of homemade explosive TACP","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112217","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper focuses on tetraamminecopper(II) perchlorate (TACP), a relatively newly used and popular homemade explosive that is insufficiently described in the literature. The compound was analyzed using commonly used forensic laboratory techniques such as FTIR, Raman, XRPD, and DTA. The TACP molecule was labeled with four <sup>15</sup>N atoms on ammonia ligands to assign vibrational modes to the resulting bands. The paper also describes the thermal decomposition of TACP using thermoanalytical methods TGA/MS. The TACP decomposes to the final product CuO in six distinct ranges, releasing N<sub>2</sub>O, NO, HCl, O<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>O, and NH<sub>3</sub>. It has been found that TACP is not a stable compound and will decompose spontaneously to ammonia, ammonium perchlorate, and basic copper perchlorate within a few months if exposed to air at room temperature. Residues of precursors have been detected in TACP prepared by four improvised preparation methods published on the Internet. These residues can be used to identify the precursor used in the preparation. The post-blast residues of TACP are of ordinary shape, but the use of TACP as an explosive can be indicated by the presence of a high content of copper and chlorine atoms in post-blast residues. The results of canine detection of TACP indicate that the dog is able to detect TACP, but the dog is likely to focus on the smell of ammonia in the TACP odor.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12341,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Forensic science international","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0379073824002986","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MEDICINE, LEGAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
This paper focuses on tetraamminecopper(II) perchlorate (TACP), a relatively newly used and popular homemade explosive that is insufficiently described in the literature. The compound was analyzed using commonly used forensic laboratory techniques such as FTIR, Raman, XRPD, and DTA. The TACP molecule was labeled with four 15N atoms on ammonia ligands to assign vibrational modes to the resulting bands. The paper also describes the thermal decomposition of TACP using thermoanalytical methods TGA/MS. The TACP decomposes to the final product CuO in six distinct ranges, releasing N2O, NO, HCl, O2, H2O, and NH3. It has been found that TACP is not a stable compound and will decompose spontaneously to ammonia, ammonium perchlorate, and basic copper perchlorate within a few months if exposed to air at room temperature. Residues of precursors have been detected in TACP prepared by four improvised preparation methods published on the Internet. These residues can be used to identify the precursor used in the preparation. The post-blast residues of TACP are of ordinary shape, but the use of TACP as an explosive can be indicated by the presence of a high content of copper and chlorine atoms in post-blast residues. The results of canine detection of TACP indicate that the dog is able to detect TACP, but the dog is likely to focus on the smell of ammonia in the TACP odor.
期刊介绍:
Forensic Science International is the flagship journal in the prestigious Forensic Science International family, publishing the most innovative, cutting-edge, and influential contributions across the forensic sciences. Fields include: forensic pathology and histochemistry, chemistry, biochemistry and toxicology, biology, serology, odontology, psychiatry, anthropology, digital forensics, the physical sciences, firearms, and document examination, as well as investigations of value to public health in its broadest sense, and the important marginal area where science and medicine interact with the law.
The journal publishes:
Case Reports
Commentaries
Letters to the Editor
Original Research Papers (Regular Papers)
Rapid Communications
Review Articles
Technical Notes.