B Cell Responses to the Placenta and Fetus

Gabrielle Rizzuto
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Abstract

Pregnancy has fascinated immunologists ever since Peter Medawar's observation that reproduction runs contrary to the founding tenets of immunology. During healthy pregnancy, maternal B cells interact with antigens of the foreign conceptus (placenta and fetus) yet do not elicit rejection. Instead, robust, and redundant fetomaternal tolerance pathways generally prevent maternal B cells and antibodies from harming the placenta and fetus. Fetomaternal tolerance is not absolute, and unfortunately there exist several pregnancy complications that arise from breaks therein. Here, important historic and recent developments in the field of fetomaternal tolerance pertaining to maternal B cells and antibodies are reviewed. General rules from which to conceptualize humoral tolerance to the placenta and fetus are proposed. Significant but underexplored ideas are highlighted and topics for future research are suggested, findings from which are predicted to provide insight into the fundamental nature of tolerance and bolster efforts to combat immune-mediated pregnancy complications.
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B 细胞对胎盘和胎儿的反应
自从彼得-梅达瓦(Peter Medawar)发现生殖与免疫学的基本原理相悖之后,妊娠就一直吸引着免疫学家。在健康妊娠期间,母体 B 细胞与外来胎儿(胎盘和胎儿)的抗原相互作用,但不会引起排斥反应。相反,强大且冗余的母胎耐受途径通常会阻止母体 B 细胞和抗体对胎盘和胎儿造成伤害。母体对胎儿的耐受性并非绝对,不幸的是,有几种妊娠并发症就是由于母体对胎儿的耐受性被破坏而引起的。在此,我们将回顾与母体 B 细胞和抗体有关的胎儿-母体耐受性领域的重要历史和最新进展。提出了胎盘和胎儿体液耐受性概念的一般规则。其中强调了一些重要但未被充分探索的观点,并提出了未来研究的主题,预计这些研究结果将有助于深入了解耐受性的基本性质,并为防治免疫介导的妊娠并发症做出贡献。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
62.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
40
期刊介绍: The Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease is a scholarly journal that has been published since 2006. Its primary focus is to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in our knowledge of the causes and development of significant human diseases. The journal places particular emphasis on exploring the current and evolving concepts of disease pathogenesis, as well as the molecular genetic and morphological changes associated with various diseases. Additionally, the journal addresses the clinical significance of these findings. In order to increase accessibility and promote the broad dissemination of research, the current volume of the journal has transitioned from a gated subscription model to an open access format. This change has been made possible through the Annual Reviews' Subscribe to Open program, which allows all articles published in this volume to be freely accessible to readers. As part of this transition, all articles in the journal are published under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which encourages open sharing and use of the research.
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