Generating Baikal-GVD high energy cascade-like neutrino events with a GEANT4-based simulation toolkit* * Supported by the Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province, China (2023YFSY0014), the Innovation Fund (E25156U110 of IHEP), GHFUND A (202302019600), and the framework of the State project "Science" by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (075-15-2024-541)

Abstract

Using the GEANT4 and Cosmic Ray Monte Carlo (CRMC) software packages, we developed a new simulation toolkit for astrophysical neutrino telescopes. By configuring the Baikal-GVD detector and comparing the vertex position and direction of incident particles, as well as the channel-by-channel signals, to the events detected by Baikal-GVD, we successfully generated 13 high-energy cascade neutrino events with the toolkit. Our analysis revealed a systematic offset between the reconstructed shower position and the true interaction position, with a distance close to the scale of the shower maximum of −0.54±1.29 m. We achieved a good linear relationship between the photoelectron number of neutrino events obtained by simulation and the real data measured by Baikal-GVD. The simulation toolkit could serve as a reliable basis for studying the performance of astrophysical neutrino telescopes.