Scared of the dark? Nychthemeral sociality in territorial black wildebeest (Connnochaetes gnou) bulls

IF 1.1 4区 生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES acta ethologica Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI:10.1007/s10211-024-00448-6
Ryan E. Forbes, Leigh-Ann Smit, Graham I. H. Kerley
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Abstract

The degree of prey sociality reflects trade-offs between predation risk, and competition for mates and resources. Consequently, the degree of sociality is predicted to differ spatiotemporally. Variations in nychthemeral sociality are, however, understudied. We assessed the activity of solitary, territorial black wildebeest bulls (Connochaetes gnou) over rutting and non-rutting seasons. We predicted that solitary bulls would reduce their nocturnal use of territorial stands and join herds to reduce predation risk from nocturnally hunting lions (Panthera leo), but that these responses would differ across rutting and non-rutting seasons. We used camera trap data and modelled solitary bull and herd activity over 24-hour daily cycles, across rutting and non-rutting seasons. We calculated the proportion of images with solitary bulls and herds across nocturnal and diurnal periods, across both seasons. We show that solitary bulls are predominantly diurnal across both seasons, but the probability of nocturnal detection is higher in the rutting than in the non-rutting season. Furthermore, we recorded a lower proportion of solitary bulls to herds at night in the non-rutting relative to the rutting season. Thus, wildebeest bulls may trade-off predation risk for mate acquisition during the rutting season but reduce risky solitary behaviour during the non-rutting season.

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害怕黑暗?领地黑角马(Connochaetes gnou)公牛的黑夜社会性
猎物的社会性程度反映了捕食风险与配偶和资源竞争之间的权衡。因此,社会性的程度会随着时空的变化而变化。然而,对雌性社会性的变化研究不足。我们评估了在发情期和非发情期独居、有领地的黑角马公牛(Connochaetes gnou)的活动情况。我们预测,独居公牛会减少夜间对领地看台的使用,并加入牛群以降低夜间捕猎的狮子(Panthera leo)的捕食风险,但这些反应在发情和非发情季节会有所不同。我们使用相机陷阱数据,模拟了发情和非发情季节每天 24 小时周期内独居公牛和牛群的活动。我们计算了这两个季节中夜间和昼间有独居公牛和牛群活动的图像比例。我们的结果表明,独行公牛在两个季节中都以昼伏夜出为主,但在发情季节夜间发现的概率要高于非发情季节。此外,与发情季节相比,我们在非发情季节记录到的夜间独行公鹿占鹿群的比例较低。因此,在发情期,角马公鹿可能会以捕食风险换取配偶,但在非发情期则会减少危险的独行行为。
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来源期刊
acta ethologica
acta ethologica 生物-动物学
CiteScore
1.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
18
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: acta ethologica publishes empirical and theoretical research papers, short communications, commentaries, reviews and book reviews as well as methods papers in the field of ethology and related disciplines, with a strong concentration on the behavior biology of humans and other animals. The journal places special emphasis on studies integrating proximate (mechanisms, development) and ultimate (function, evolution) levels in the analysis of behavior. Aspects of particular interest include: adaptive plasticity of behavior, inter-individual and geographic variations in behavior, mechanisms underlying behavior, evolutionary processes and functions of behavior, and many other topics. acta ethologica is an official journal of ISPA, CRL and the Portuguese Ethological Society (SPE)
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