Cattle and nurse trees shape subtropical forest–grassland ecotones
Milena Holmgren, Edwin Bargeman, Rafael Bernardi, Alice Blok, Jasper Buijs, Ivan Raniero Hernández-Salmerón, Rocío Martínez-Cillero, Nestor Mazzeo, Bart Verdijck
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牛和哺育树塑造了亚热带森林-草原生态区
南美洲的亚热带地貌以开阔草原和森林-草原交错地貌为主。森林通常局限于河流边缘，森林-草原生态带十分明显。了解维持森林-草原生态区的机制对于预测气候变化和干扰机制对这些生物群落的范围及其提供的生态系统服务的影响非常重要。我们采用实地调查和长期野外实验相结合的方法，探索了南美洲坎波斯地区乌拉圭中部河流森林和草地生态区树木覆盖面积扩大的原因。我们评估了树种传播和树苗建立限制的作用，并通过实验测试了牛、哺育树覆盖和草对森林-草地生态区森林和草地树种新陈代谢的影响。我们发现，森林的扩张取决于牛群和哺育树之间的相互作用。Vachellia caven 树成功地在草地上定植，并通过促进林木物种的种子积累和幼苗成活来促进森林斑块的形成。令人惊讶的是，草地覆盖对林木幼苗的早期成活率大多有积极影响。然而，牛限制了树苗的生长和存活，尤其是林木树种。这导致了树斑的核植被模式，最终限制了森林的扩展。综合与应用。在亚热带南美草原上，树木覆盖面积有可能扩大。与气候变化相关的牛群密度降低和降雨量增加可能会促进该地区的森林扩张。
本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。
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