Employment demand and generation under MGNREGA in India: examining external and internal shocks with special reference to climate change and COVID-19 pandemic

IF 1.9 Q2 ECONOMICS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI:10.1108/ijse-02-2024-0132

Alok Ranjan Mohanty, Narayan Chandra Nayak, Bimal Kishore Sahoo

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Abstract

Purpose

Despite India achieving many milestones under MGNREGA, the external and internal shocks result in below potential outcomes in employment demand and generation. This study examines how these shocks matter and how the migration-prone regions perform.

Design/methodology/approach

This study, employing district-level data from 2018 to 2021, investigates how climate change and COVID-19 have affected the employment demand and supply. We applied RE-GLS and IV-2SLS regressions to examine the effects of shocks on employment demand and generation, respectively. The difference in difference panel model is employed to test the spatial effects of the pandemic. Further, we used RE-GLS and extended regression model to examine how external shocks interacting with migration affect unemployment rates.

Findings

It was found that the pandemic increased employment demand and generation. This reflects the adverse effects of the pandemic and the swift action by the government. However, the responses were possibly different during climate shocks. The wage differential increased employment demand. However, demand decreased due to poor support from the support staff. The employment generation was higher in migration-prone districts, indicating that seasonal migration, being a lean-season phenomenon, continues to occur despite employment generation.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature in several ways. It captures spatial variations while examining the impact of climate change and COVID-19. It investigates the performance of MGNREGA in migration-prone areas. In effect, the findings provide policymakers with greater insight into the issues.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-02-2024-0132.

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印度 MGNREGA 的就业需求和创造：研究外部和内部冲击，特别是气候变化和 COVID-19 大流行病

目的尽管印度在 MGNREGA 方面取得了许多里程碑式的成就，但外部和内部冲击导致就业需求和创造就业的潜在结果低于预期。本研究探讨了这些冲击的影响以及移民易发地区的表现。本研究采用 2018 年至 2021 年的县级数据，探讨了气候变化和 COVID-19 如何影响就业需求和供给。我们运用 RE-GLS 和 IV-2SLS 回归分别考察了冲击对就业需求和产生的影响。我们采用了差分面板模型来检验大流行病的空间效应。此外，我们还使用 RE-GLS 和扩展回归模型来检验外部冲击与移民的相互作用如何影响失业率。这反映了大流行病的不利影响和政府的迅速行动。然而，在气候冲击下，反应可能有所不同。工资差异增加了就业需求。然而，由于辅助人员的支持不力，需求有所减少。在易发生移民的地区，创造的就业机会较高，这表明尽管创造了就业机会，但季节性移民作为一种淡季现象仍在继续发生。在研究气候变化和 COVID-19 的影响时，它捕捉到了空间变化。它调查了 MGNREGA 在移民易发地区的表现。同行评议本文的同行评议历史见：https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-02-2024-0132。

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来源期刊

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL ECONOMICS ECONOMICS-

CiteScore

3.20

自引率

5.30%

发文量

期刊介绍： The International Journal of Social Economics publishes original and peer-reviewed theoretical and empirical research in the field of social economics. Its focus is on the examination and analysis of the interaction between economic activity, individuals and communities. Social economics focuses on the relationship between social action and economies, and examines how social and ethical norms influence the behaviour of economic agents. It is inescapably normative and focuses on needs, rather than wants or preferences, and considers the wellbeing of individuals in communities: it accepts the possibility of a common good rather than conceiving of communities as merely aggregates of individual preferences and the problems of economics as coordinating those preferences. Therefore, contributions are invited which analyse and discuss well-being, welfare, the nature of the good society, governance and social policy, social and economic justice, social and individual economic motivation, and the associated normative and ethical implications of these as they express themselves in, for example, issues concerning the environment, labour and work, education, the role of families and women, inequality and poverty, health and human development.