Naphthalene Enhances Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Biodegradation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Soil and Water: Effect and Mechanism

Abstract

Bioremediation is a promising technique owing to its effectiveness, low cost, and environmental friendliness. Previous studies have focused on the degradation efficiency of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil and water. However, the expression of PAH-catabolic genes in organisms involved in the degradation process has been rarely and unsystematically reported. In this study, a PAH-degrading strain—Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PQ249631)—was successfully isolated from coking-contaminated soil and used for PAH degradation in soil and water. Furthermore, the degradation of PAHs (naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, and pyrene) was investigated in single, binary, and mixture systems to explore the interaction of substrates. The results showed that when naphthalene was used as a cometabolite carbon source, the removal rates of fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, and pyrene increased from 14.33%, 17.25%, 6.61%, and 4.47% to 72.08%, 100.00%, 15.63%, and 6.63%, respectively. In a PAH mixture, the degradation rate of each PAH was higher when naphthalene, rather than glucose, was used as the cometabolite carbon source. Transcriptome analysis revealed significant differential expression of PAH-catabolic genes and ATP-binding cassette transporter-related genes under naphthalene stress. The enhanced degradation of PAHs could be attributed to the augmentation of the PAH metabolic pathway and membrane transportation, facilitating the transfer of PAHs to bacteria. These findings underscore the effectiveness of P. aeruginosa as a PAH degrader and provide molecular insights into enhancing PAH degradation.