Yankun Liang, Shichong Yuan, Shuang Ma, Guilei Han, Jiabin Shi
{"title":"Migration of Water and Sand Inrush through the Mining-Induced Caving Zone: Insights from Model Test and Numerical Analysis","authors":"Yankun Liang, Shichong Yuan, Shuang Ma, Guilei Han, Jiabin Shi","doi":"10.3390/w16172527","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Due to the thin bedrock, typical geological characteristics, and the high-intensity underground mining in western China, the water and sand inrush pour into the panels through the broken rock fragmentations in the caving zone, which could result in serious financial losses or even casualties. This paper investigated the influence of the height of the caving zone and the size of sand particles on the speed of water and sand inrush by the methods of laboratory tests and numerical simulation. The test results reveal that the speed of sand flow decreases with an increase in the height of the caving zone until the height of the caving zone approaches a certain value, and the speed of sand flow decreases with the increase in sand particles. The particle flow (PFC3D) method was used to simulate the experiment to study the dynamic changes in the force chain during the process of water and sand inrush. The simulation results show that the process of water and sand inrush is a continuous and variable process of force chain formation and break. Sand particles only flow through the gap between the caving zones, and during this process, some sand particles remain, which makes the force chain gradually become stable and the speed of water and sand inrush slow.","PeriodicalId":23788,"journal":{"name":"Water","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Water","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w16172527","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Due to the thin bedrock, typical geological characteristics, and the high-intensity underground mining in western China, the water and sand inrush pour into the panels through the broken rock fragmentations in the caving zone, which could result in serious financial losses or even casualties. This paper investigated the influence of the height of the caving zone and the size of sand particles on the speed of water and sand inrush by the methods of laboratory tests and numerical simulation. The test results reveal that the speed of sand flow decreases with an increase in the height of the caving zone until the height of the caving zone approaches a certain value, and the speed of sand flow decreases with the increase in sand particles. The particle flow (PFC3D) method was used to simulate the experiment to study the dynamic changes in the force chain during the process of water and sand inrush. The simulation results show that the process of water and sand inrush is a continuous and variable process of force chain formation and break. Sand particles only flow through the gap between the caving zones, and during this process, some sand particles remain, which makes the force chain gradually become stable and the speed of water and sand inrush slow.
期刊介绍:
Water (ISSN 2073-4441) is an international and cross-disciplinary scholarly journal covering all aspects of water including water science and technology, and the hydrology, ecology and management of water resources. It publishes regular research papers, critical reviews and short communications, and there is no restriction on the length of the papers. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical research in as much detail as possible. Full experimental and/or methodical details must be provided for research articles. Computed data or files regarding the full details of the experimental procedure, if unable to be published in a normal way, can be deposited as supplementary material.