Dynamic occupancy in a peripheral population of Myotis septentrionalis during disease outbreak

IF 4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Landscape Ecology Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI:10.1007/s10980-024-01945-6
John F. Grider, Steven B. Castleberry, Jeffrey Hepinstall‐Cymerman
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Abstract

Context

Once common, the northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis) has experienced declines > 90% due to white-nose syndrome (WNS). This severe mortality has resulted in their listing under the Endangered Species Act and made them a conservation priority. However, their broad distribution, variability in habitat use, and population instability make developing range-wide conservation strategies difficult. To understand how conservation of M. septentrionalis may vary across its range, we examined shifts in M. septentrionalis site occupancy on the edge of their historic range following severe WNS mortality.

Objectives

Our goal was to determine how mortality from white-nose syndrome affects site occupancy of M. septentrionalis at the southern edge of their historic range. Understanding which areas will remain occupied during disease related mortality will help inform management during disease outbreaks.

Methods

We used 11 years (2007–2017) of mist-netting records to construct dynamic occupancy models of M. septentrionalis in northern Georgia, USA. Occupancy was updated annually, with the initial period defined as all years prior to the winter of 2012–2013, which corresponds to when white-nose syndrome entered the study area. We assessed occupancy using landscape metrics at the home range (65 ha) and landscape (491 ha) scales, year since WNS occurrence in the study area, distance to karst, and distance to nearest WNS positive county. We estimated probability of detection using Julian date and sampling effort.

Results

Initial site occupancy was positively associated with percent deciduous forest cover at the home range scale. As M. septentrionalis populations declined from WNS, a site becoming unoccupied was negatively correlated with mean contiguity of forest at the home range scale and largest patch of forest and mean elevation at the landscape scale. Site occupancy declined precipitously in the years following WNS, dropping from 70.75% (41.76–96.98% [95% CI]) occupancy pre-WNS to 0.3% (0.3–20.5% [95% CI]) by the final year of the study.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrated that sites occupied by M. septentrionalis closer to the historic range edge were more vulnerable to becoming unoccupied after disease arrival. We recommend managers on the periphery of the historic range focus conservation efforts on high elevation forested areas nearer to the range core.

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疾病爆发期间七鳃鳗外围种群的动态占用情况
背景北方长耳蝙蝠(Myotis septentrionalis)曾经很常见,但由于白鼻综合症(WNS)的影响,其数量减少了90%。这种严重的死亡导致它们被列入《濒危物种法》,并成为保护的重点。然而,由于其分布范围广、栖息地利用的多变性以及种群的不稳定性,很难制定全范围的保护策略。我们的目标是确定白鼻综合征造成的死亡如何影响七孔蝠在其历史分布区南部边缘的栖息地占有率。方法我们使用了 11 年(2007-2017 年)的雾网记录来构建美国佐治亚州北部七孔蝠的动态占据模型。占据率每年更新一次,初始时期定义为 2012--2013 年冬季之前的所有年份,该冬季与白鼻综合征进入研究区域的时间一致。我们使用家园范围(65 公顷)和景观范围(491 公顷)的景观指标、研究区域发生 WNS 后的年份、与岩溶的距离以及与最近的 WNS 阳性县的距离来评估占用率。我们使用朱利安日期和取样工作量估算了检测概率。结果在家园范围内,最初的地点占用率与落叶林覆盖率呈正相关。随着七叶蓟马种群数量因 WNS 而减少,无人居住的地点与原产地尺度上森林的平均连续性以及景观尺度上最大的森林斑块和平均海拔呈负相关。在 WNS 发生后的几年中,地点占有率急剧下降,从 WNS 发生前的 70.75% (41.76-96.98% [95% CI])下降到研究最后一年的 0.3% (0.3-20.5% [95% CI])。我们建议历史分布区外围的管理者将保护重点放在靠近分布区核心的高海拔森林地区。
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来源期刊
Landscape Ecology
Landscape Ecology 环境科学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
8.30
自引率
7.70%
发文量
164
审稿时长
8-16 weeks
期刊介绍: Landscape Ecology is the flagship journal of a well-established and rapidly developing interdisciplinary science that focuses explicitly on the ecological understanding of spatial heterogeneity. Landscape Ecology draws together expertise from both biophysical and socioeconomic sciences to explore basic and applied research questions concerning the ecology, conservation, management, design/planning, and sustainability of landscapes as coupled human-environment systems. Landscape ecology studies are characterized by spatially explicit methods in which spatial attributes and arrangements of landscape elements are directly analyzed and related to ecological processes.
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