Fabrication, Preparation, Physicochemical Characterization, and Theoretical Studies of Some Novel Schiff Base Ciprofloxacin Metal Complexes: DNA Interaction and Biomedical Applications

Abstract

Novel compounds with pharmacological activity were synthesized from Pd(II), Fe(III), Cr(III), Ni(II), and Cu(II) ions with 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-(2-hydroxy-phenylimino)-7-piperazin-1-yl-1,4-dihydro-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid (CFAP). The ligand's NH and OH groups allowed it to interact with the metals as a neutral tridentate. The investigated novel compounds were described using ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectra, FT-IR spectrums, TGA and UV–Vis (conductance of molecules), and CHN-analysis. Additionally, the pH profile of the CFAP complexes indicated great stability, and the complexes' stability constant was discovered in the solution. To extract important properties for CFAP and its complexes, computational research was used, CFAPCu, CFAPCr, CFAPNi, and CFAPFe have octahedral geometry, while CFAPPd has square planar geometry. To investigate the molecular geometry, density functional theory calculations (DFT) were carried out. The molar ratio and continuous fluctuation data confirmed that the (M:L) ratio was (1:1). In vitro tests were conducted to evaluate Schiff base's antimicrobial action ligand and its metal chelates against fungal and bacterial infections. The findings showed that the antimicrobial efficacy is as follows: When CFAPPd is compared to fluconazol and ofloxacin as reference medications, it is the highly inhibitor complex. The novel CFAP ligand and its complexes were investigated for In vitro carcinogenic potential against Hep-G2, MCF-7, and HCT-116 cell lines. As compared to the medication vinblastine, the results once again demonstrated that CFAPPd is the most active agent. Moreover, the complexes demnstrated strong reactivity in capturing free radicals when their antioxidant activity was investigated. Viscosity, spectral investigations, and gel electrophoreses were used to identify the interaction between metal chelates and DNA. Every examined compound is shown to be an enthusiastic DNA binder by viscosity and spectrophotometric titration investigations. The heightened hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions between aromatic rings could be the cause of this. Ultimately, these compounds could be regarded as promising bioactive substances.