Natural Enrichment Patterns and Mechanisms of Heavy Metals in Mid-Holocene Soils of the Southern Loess Plateau

IF 3.4 3区农林科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Pub Date : 2024-08-23 DOI:10.1007/s42729-024-01987-4

Qi Zhou, Jingbo Zhao, Yandong Ma, Xiaoning Wang, Chunjie Chu, Nan Guo, Lixing Zhang, Yan Zhao

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Abstract

Purpose

Our purpose is to reveal the natural enrichment patterns of metals in the Holocene soils of the Southern Loess Plateau.

Methods

Element and mineral contents and particle size were measured using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, X-ray diffractometry, and laser diffraction, respectively.

Results

The study area has a subtropical climate with average annual precipitation and temperature of ~ 800 mm and ~ 15.3 °C during the mid-Holocene. At this time the summer monsoon and non-summer monsoon supplied ~ 440 mm and ~ 360 mm of precipitation, respectively. Soil moisture was in a positive balance and persistent gravity water occurred with a moisture content > 20% in the mid-Holocene paleosol.

Conclusions

Natural enrichment of heavy metals occurred in the mid-Holocene paleosol, and the enrichment of heavy metals in the mid-Holocene paleosol do not meet the soil pollution standards and is safe for agricultural production. The mechanism of natural heavy metals enrichment in the mid-Holocene paleosol was as follows: The warm and humid climate enhanced the summer monsoon precipitation, causing a positive soil moisture balance, and persistent gravity water and soil moisture content > 20% caused strong leaching and hydrolysis of minerals, which resulted in enhanced clay formation and heavy metals enrichment.

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黄土高原南部全新世中期土壤中重金属的自然富集模式与机制

目的揭示南方黄土高原全新世土壤中金属的自然富集模式。方法分别采用 X 射线荧光光谱法、X 射线衍射法和激光衍射法测量土壤中的元素和矿物含量以及颗粒大小。当时，夏季季风和非夏季季风分别提供了约 440 毫米和约 360 毫米的降水。结论在全新世中期的古沉积物中发生了重金属的自然富集，全新世中期古沉积物中重金属的富集未达到土壤污染标准，对农业生产是安全的。全新世中期古沉积重金属自然富集的机理如下：温暖湿润的气候增强了夏季季风降水，造成土壤水分正平衡，持续的重力水和土壤水分含量> 20%造成矿物质的强烈淋溶和水解，导致粘土形成增强和重金属富集。

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来源期刊

Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Soil Science

CiteScore

5.90

自引率

10.30%

发文量

331

审稿时长

9 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition is an international, peer reviewed journal devoted to publishing original research findings in the areas of soil science, plant nutrition, agriculture and environmental science. Soil sciences submissions may cover physics, chemistry, biology, microbiology, mineralogy, ecology, pedology, soil classification and amelioration. Plant nutrition and agriculture submissions may include plant production, physiology and metabolism of plants, plant ecology, diversity and sustainability of agricultural systems, organic and inorganic fertilization in relation to their impact on yields, quality of plants and ecological systems, and agroecosystems studies. Submissions covering soil degradation, environmental pollution, nature conservation, and environmental protection are also welcome. The journal considers for publication original research articles, technical notes, short communication, and reviews (both voluntary and by invitation), and letters to the editor.