Geometric rigidity of simple modules for algebraic groups

Abstract

Let k be a field, let G be a smooth affine k-group and V a finite-dimensional G-module. We say V is \emph{rigid} if the socle series and radical series coincide for the action of G on each indecomposable summand of V; say V is \emph{geometrically rigid} (resp.~\emph{absolutely rigid}) if V is rigid after base change of G and V to \bar k (resp.~any field extension of k). We show that all simple G-modules are geometrically rigid, though not in general absolutely rigid. More precisley, we show that if V is a simple G-module, then there is a finite purely inseparable extension k_V/k naturally attached to V such that V_{k_V} is absolutely rigid as a G_{k_V}-module. The proof for connected G turns on an investigation of algebras of the form K\otimes_k E where K and E are field extensions of k; we give an example of such an algebra which is not rigid as a module over itself. We establish the existence of the purely inseparable field extension k_V/k through an analogous version for artinian algebras. In the second half of the paper we apply recent results on the structure and representation theory of pseudo-reductive groups to gives a concrete description of k_V. Namely, we combine the main structure theorem of the Conrad--Prasad classification of pseudo-reductive G together with our previous high weight theory. For V a simple G-module, we calculate the minimal field of definition of the geometric Jacobson radical of \End_G(V) in terms of the high weight of G and the Conrad--Prasad classification data; this gives a concrete construction of the field k_V as a subextension of the minimal field of definition of the geometric unipotent radical of G. We also observe that the Conrad--Prasad classification can be used to hone the dimension formula for G we had previously established; we also use it to give a description of \End_G(V) which includes a dimension formula.