{"title":"Novel liquid–phase flash sintering of lead zirconate titanate piezo-ceramics","authors":"Kumar Sadanand Arya, Ram Prakash Singh, Tamoghna Chakrabarti","doi":"10.1111/jace.20075","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lead-based piezo-ceramics like lead zirconate titanate (PZT) are a mainstay for many piezoelectric applications. However, lead oxide (PbO) evaporation during sintering poses a significant environmental challenge. Flash sintering (FS) is a novel technique that can densify ceramics in seconds and at a much lower furnace temperature. The liquid-phase FS (LPFS) of PZT (Pb (Zr<sub>0.5</sub>Ti<sub>0.5</sub>) O<sub>3</sub>, with 3 wt.% Cu<sub>2</sub>O and PbO in the molar ratio of 1:4) is investigated in this work. Further, a comparison has been made among the lead loss, dielectric, and piezoelectric properties of flash-sintered and conventionally liquid-phase-sintered PZT. It has been observed that the evaporation of PbO has been brought down 3–5 times by FS. The dielectric constant of LPFS PZT is significantly higher, especially at higher frequencies with lower dielectric loss. An enhanced piezoelectric coefficient in flash-sintered PZT has also been observed. The LPFS of PZT shows that the lead loss can be brought down significantly with the added benefit of enhanced dielectric and piezoelectric properties. XRD and Rietveld analysis show an increase in tetragonality after FS in comparison with conventional sintering. XPS and ESR studies show a difference in defect concentration after FS in comparison with conventional sintering that is likely responsible for the enhanced dielectric and piezoelectric properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":200,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Ceramic Society","volume":"107 12","pages":"8007-8022"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of the American Ceramic Society","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jace.20075","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Lead-based piezo-ceramics like lead zirconate titanate (PZT) are a mainstay for many piezoelectric applications. However, lead oxide (PbO) evaporation during sintering poses a significant environmental challenge. Flash sintering (FS) is a novel technique that can densify ceramics in seconds and at a much lower furnace temperature. The liquid-phase FS (LPFS) of PZT (Pb (Zr0.5Ti0.5) O3, with 3 wt.% Cu2O and PbO in the molar ratio of 1:4) is investigated in this work. Further, a comparison has been made among the lead loss, dielectric, and piezoelectric properties of flash-sintered and conventionally liquid-phase-sintered PZT. It has been observed that the evaporation of PbO has been brought down 3–5 times by FS. The dielectric constant of LPFS PZT is significantly higher, especially at higher frequencies with lower dielectric loss. An enhanced piezoelectric coefficient in flash-sintered PZT has also been observed. The LPFS of PZT shows that the lead loss can be brought down significantly with the added benefit of enhanced dielectric and piezoelectric properties. XRD and Rietveld analysis show an increase in tetragonality after FS in comparison with conventional sintering. XPS and ESR studies show a difference in defect concentration after FS in comparison with conventional sintering that is likely responsible for the enhanced dielectric and piezoelectric properties.
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The Journal of the American Ceramic Society contains records of original research that provide insight into or describe the science of ceramic and glass materials and composites based on ceramics and glasses. These papers include reports on discovery, characterization, and analysis of new inorganic, non-metallic materials; synthesis methods; phase relationships; processing approaches; microstructure-property relationships; and functionalities. Of great interest are works that support understanding founded on fundamental principles using experimental, theoretical, or computational methods or combinations of those approaches. All the published papers must be of enduring value and relevant to the science of ceramics and glasses or composites based on those materials.
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