On the colloidal and filtration properties of a polymer-amended waste K+-rich bentonite for use as a low-density solid additive in water-based drilling fluids

Youstina Ramsis, Loizos Papaloizou, Ernestos Sarris and Demetris Vattis
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Abstract

Bentonite is a known material for its water-soluble nature and ability to develop exceptional colloidal properties when in aqueous environments and is Na+-rich. Some bentonites are not capable of achieving the desired colloidal properties due to either low smectite content and/or low or negligible Na+ ions content. An example of such bentonite is like the one used for this research work, which is waste K+-rich bentonite. Even though it previously was thermally Na2CO3-activated to upgrade its properties aiming to create colloids, it demanded further viscosity enhancement additives to achieve the required rheological and filtration control satisfying API standards when added in a complete water-based drilling fluid (WBF). We propose anionic polymerization to enhance the performance of the thermally activated waste K+-rich bentonite, at various concentrations. The basic objective is to investigate the polymer with the strongest amendment effect on the K+-rich bentonite by evaluating the rheological and filtration properties by means of Couette viscometry and LPLT tests respectively. Results collected were used to construct mathematical correlations suggesting that anionic polymers can be considered a very effective and efficient solution to reach the desired colloidal properties in WBF. The proposed solution, even with minor quantities, proves to be effective for waste K+-rich bentonite making the material suitable for WBF by creating composite structures that effectively reduce fluid losses and achieve the required viscosity control in WBF. Finally, the exploitation of this material aligns with the circular economy principles contributing to environmental sustainability development.
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聚合物添加的富 K+ 废膨润土作为水基钻井液低密度固体添加剂的胶体和过滤特性
膨润土是一种众所周知的水溶性材料,在水环境中能形成特殊的胶体特性,并且富含 Na+。但有些膨润土由于钠离子含量较低或可以忽略不计而无法达到理想的胶体特性。本研究中使用的膨润土就是这样一种富含 K+的废膨润土。尽管以前曾用 Na2CO3 热活化膨润土以提高其性能,从而产生胶体,但当它被添加到完整的水基钻井液(WBF)中时,还需要进一步的增粘添加剂来达到所需的流变性和过滤控制,以满足 API 标准。我们建议采用阴离子聚合法来提高不同浓度的热活化富 K+ 废膨润土的性能。我们的基本目标是通过 Couette 粘度计和 LPLT 测试分别评估流变和过滤特性,研究对富 K+膨润土具有最强修正效果的聚合物。收集到的结果被用于构建数学相关关系,表明阴离子聚合物可被视为一种非常有效和高效的解决方案,可在 WBF 中达到所需的胶体特性。所提出的解决方案,即使用量很少,也能有效处理富含 K+ 的废膨润土,通过创建复合结构,有效减少流体损失,实现所需的粘度控制,从而使这种材料适用于 WBF。最后,这种材料的利用符合循环经济原则,有助于环境的可持续发展。
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