Foliar application of Azospirillum brasilense, salicylic acid and zinc on wheat Performance under rain–fed condition

IF 1.6 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Cereal Research Communications Pub Date : 2024-08-24 DOI:10.1007/s42976-024-00570-y
Mohammad Javad Zarea
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Abstract

Contribution of plant growth-promoting bacteria to plant gene function, regulation, and modulation may open a new window of hope to improve plant performance in harsh environments. In a preliminary study, Azospirillum brasilense strain Sp7 has been studied for its regulatory role in molecular, biochemical, and physiological processes in wheat exposed to terminal severe drought stress. Moreover, two field experiments were conducted to elucidate the effectiveness of A. brasilense inoculation, salicylic acid, and zinc foliar application on wheat performance under dryland (rain–fed) conditions. In the preliminary experiment, wheat seedlings that were foliarly inoculated with and without A. brasilense were grown under well-watered conditions for four weeks and then exposed to two water regimes: well-watered and drought-stressed conditions. The preliminary experiment aimed to elucidate the changes in proline accumulation, chlorophyll contents, leaf relative water levels, malondialdehyde contents, electrolyte leakage rate, and also quantified the genes associated with proline biosynthesis and the psbA gene (encoding photosystem II protein D1) under drought stress conditions mediated by A. brasilense inoculation. The field experiment was conducted under two contrasting field conditions to elucidate the efficacy of A. brasilense inoculation via foliar application in combination with exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA) and foliar application of Zn on two winter wheat cultivars, Sardari (Triticum aestivum L.) and Saji (Triticum durum L.). Two weeks after drought imposition, foliar Azospirillum-inoculated plants exhibited lower levels of psbA gene expression than uninoculated plants. As the drought progressed, inoculated plants significantly exhibited a higher amount of psbA mRNA accumulation than uninoculated plants. Drought-stressed conditions caused the induction of delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) synthase and P5C reductase expression along with proline accumulation. Foliar inoculation with Azospirillum caused a substantial increase in P5C synthase and P5C reductase expression. Results further showed that foliar inoculation alleviated the enhancement of malondialdehyde and electrolyte leakage. The field experiments showed that the application of Zn and/or Azospirillum was more effective on wheat performance than the exogenous application of SA. The best yield was obtained when a combined foliar application of Zn plus Azospirillum was used. Azospirillum inoculation could elevate the adaptability of wheat plants through inducing the transcription level of the related psbA gene, P5CS, and P5CR genes and enhancing proline, thereby ameliorating the adverse effects of drought stress. The present findings provide more insights into the regulatory mechanism of drought stress resistance in wheat by foliar inoculation of Azospirillum and may lay a fundamental basis for future functional studies and open a new era to improve plant tolerance to drought stress.

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在雨养条件下叶面喷施巴西鹅膏菌、水杨酸和锌对小麦产量的影响
植物生长促进细菌对植物基因功能、调控和调节的贡献可能会为改善植物在恶劣环境中的表现打开一扇新的希望之窗。在一项初步研究中,研究了巴西蔚蓝芽孢杆菌(Azospirillum brasilense)菌株 Sp7 在小麦遭受终极严重干旱胁迫时对其分子、生化和生理过程的调控作用。此外,还进行了两项田间试验,以阐明在旱地(雨水灌溉)条件下,接种 A. brasilense、叶面喷施水杨酸和锌对小麦生长的影响。在初步实验中,叶面接种和未接种巴西蘑菇的小麦幼苗在水分充足的条件下生长了四周,然后暴露在两种水分制度下:水分充足和干旱胁迫条件。初步实验的目的是阐明在接种 A. brasilense 的干旱胁迫条件下,脯氨酸积累、叶绿素含量、叶片相对含水量、丙二醛含量、电解质渗漏率的变化,并量化与脯氨酸生物合成相关的基因和 psbA 基因(编码光系统 II 蛋白 D1)。该田间试验是在两种不同的田间条件下进行的,目的是阐明通过叶面喷施结合外源喷施水杨酸(SA)和叶面喷施锌对两种冬小麦栽培品种 Sardari(Triticum aestivum L.)和 Saji(Triticum durum L.)进行 A. brasilense 接种的效果。干旱两周后,叶面接种 Azospirillum 的植株的 psbA 基因表达水平低于未接种植株。随着干旱的加剧,接种植株的 psbA mRNA 积累量明显高于未接种植株。干旱胁迫条件会诱导δ-1-吡咯啉-5-羧酸(P5C)合成酶和 P5C 还原酶的表达以及脯氨酸的积累。叶面接种 Azospirillum 能显著提高 P5C 合成酶和 P5C 还原酶的表达。结果进一步表明,叶面接种减轻了丙二醛和电解质渗漏的增加。田间试验表明,施用锌和/或氮螺旋体比外源施用 SA 对小麦生长更有效。联合叶面喷施锌和氮磷酵母菌可获得最佳产量。通过诱导相关 psbA 基因、P5CS 基因和 P5CR 基因的转录水平,提高脯氨酸,从而改善干旱胁迫的不利影响,褐飞虱接种可提高小麦植株的适应性。本研究结果进一步揭示了叶面接种Azospirillum对小麦抗旱胁迫的调控机制,为今后的功能研究奠定了基础,开辟了提高植物抗旱胁迫能力的新纪元。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.40
自引率
6.20%
发文量
92
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: This journal publishes original papers presenting new scientific results on breeding, genetics, physiology, pathology and production of primarily wheat, rye, barley, oats and maize.
期刊最新文献
Identification and stability of QTLs for grain traits in the elite wheat variety ‘Chuanmai104’ Chlorophyll fluorescence: a smart tool for maize improvement Effect of potassium supply and plant density on maize (Zea mays L.) yields and nutrient contents: a case study in a Hungarian long-term field trial set up on calcareous chernozem soil Targeting candidate genes for the macronutrient accumulation of wheat grains for improved human nutrition Survival of the Exserohilum rostratum causal leaf spot of wheat and dissemination, infection behaviour from flower-seed-seedlings
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