Unveiling the deterioration formation process of the rammed earth city wall site of the Ancient City of Pingyao, a World Heritage Site: occurrence, characterizations, and historic environmental implications

IF 2.1 2区 地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI:10.1007/s12520-024-02058-6
Xiangling Bai, Bin He, Diyue Zhang, Yingxin Wang, Hao Li, Xiaohong Bai, Fuli Ma, Pengju Han
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Abstract

Large, immovable rammed earth buildings in UNESCO World Cultural Heritage sites are at serious risk of disaster due to environmental changes. In this study, the rammed earth city walls (REWs) located in the Ancient City of Ping Yao, a World Cultural Heritage site, affected by heavy precipitation in early October 2021, were used as the research object. The study aimed to specify the details of deterioration through multiple indicator data collection, semi-quantitatively evaluate the degree of deterioration of REWs, and investigate the causes of typical deterioration in REWs with different spatial distributions under the influence of heavy precipitation. Based on the current research and experimental data, and considering the mode of action and form of deterioration, a classification system for the landslide-like collapses of REWs under the influence of precipitation was constructed. Factors such as the influence of heavy precipitation and the REWs' intrinsic features resulted in significant variations in structural properties and deterioration development of REWs with different spatial distribution characteristics. Finally, based on the research in this paper and the conservation ideology of cultural relics that respects the original and minimizes intervention, we propose protection recommendations for the daily management and conservation of the REWs to provide guidance for future research.

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揭示世界文化遗产平遥古城夯土城墙遗址的劣化形成过程:发生、特征和历史环境意义
联合国教科文组织世界文化遗产地中不可移动的大型夯土建筑因环境变化而面临严重的灾害风险。本研究以 2021 年 10 月初受强降水影响的世界文化遗产平遥古城的夯土城墙为研究对象。该研究旨在通过多指标数据采集,明确劣化细节,半定量评估土城墙的劣化程度,并探究不同空间分布的土城墙在强降水影响下典型劣化的原因。在现有研究和实验数据的基础上,综合考虑作用方式和劣化形式,构建了降水影响下皇家工程滑坡样崩塌的分类体系。强降水的影响和皇家工程的固有特征等因素导致不同空间分布特征的皇家工程在结构特性和劣化发展方面存在显著差异。最后,根据本文的研究,结合尊重原貌、减少干预的文物保护思想,提出了对龙王庙日常管理和保护的保护建议,为今后的研究提供指导。
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来源期刊
Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences
Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
CiteScore
4.80
自引率
18.20%
发文量
199
期刊介绍: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences covers the full spectrum of natural scientific methods with an emphasis on the archaeological contexts and the questions being studied. It bridges the gap between archaeologists and natural scientists providing a forum to encourage the continued integration of scientific methodologies in archaeological research. Coverage in the journal includes: archaeology, geology/geophysical prospection, geoarchaeology, geochronology, palaeoanthropology, archaeozoology and archaeobotany, genetics and other biomolecules, material analysis and conservation science. The journal is endorsed by the German Society of Natural Scientific Archaeology and Archaeometry (GNAA), the Hellenic Society for Archaeometry (HSC), the Association of Italian Archaeometrists (AIAr) and the Society of Archaeological Sciences (SAS).
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