Analysis of the impact of remote oxygen plasma treatment on the surface chemistry and electrochemical properties of graphite felt electrodes for redox flow batteries†

IF 3.2 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Energy advances Pub Date : 2024-08-19 DOI:10.1039/D4YA00383G
L. Mauricio Murillo-Herrera, Carlos J. Mingoes, J. Obrero-Pérez, Juan R. Sánchez-Valencia, Michael W. Thielke, Ángel Barranco and Ana B. Jorge Sobrido
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Abstract

The effects of a remote oxygen plasma (ROP) treatment on the surface of commercial graphite felts were investigated and compared against a conventional thermal treatment. In contrast to methodologies where the sample is directly exposed to the plasma, ROP allows for a high control of sample–plasma interaction, thereby avoiding extensive etching processes on the fibre surface. To assess the impact of ROP treatment time, the electrodes were subjected to three different periods (10, 60, and 600 seconds). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that the ROP treatment introduced nearly three times more surface oxygen functionalities than the thermal treatment. Raman spectroscopy measurements revealed a significant increase in amorphous carbon domains for the ROP samples. The thermal treatment favoured increases in graphitic defects and resulted in an order of magnitude larger ECSA compared to the ROP treated materials despite having lower content in oxygen functionalities. The electrochemical analysis showed enhanced charge-transfer overpotentials for GF400. The ROP samples exhibited a lower mass-transport overpotential than the thermally treated material and had similar permeabilities, which overall translated to the thermal treatment offering better performance at fast flow rates. However, at slow flow rates (∼10 mL min−1), the ROP treatment for the shortest period offered comparable performance to conventional thermal treatment.

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分析远程氧等离子处理对氧化还原液流电池石墨毡电极表面化学和电化学特性的影响
研究了远程氧等离子体(ROP)处理对商用石墨毡表面的影响,并与传统热处理进行了比较。与将样品直接暴露在等离子体中的方法不同,远程氧等离子体可对样品与等离子体之间的相互作用进行高度控制,从而避免纤维表面的大量蚀刻过程。为了评估 ROP 处理时间的影响,对电极进行了三个不同时间段的处理(10 秒、60 秒和 600 秒)。X 射线光电子能谱显示,ROP 处理所引入的表面氧官能度几乎是热处理的三倍。拉曼光谱测量显示,ROP 样品的无定形碳域显著增加。热处理有利于石墨缺陷的增加,与 ROP 处理的材料相比,尽管氧官能团含量较低,但 ECSA 却大了一个数量级。电化学分析表明,GF400 的电荷转移过电位有所提高。与热处理材料相比,ROP 样品的质量传输过电位更低,而渗透率却相差无几。然而,在低流速下(10 mL min-1),ROP 处理的最短时间与传统热处理的性能相当。
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