Toxicity of selected pharmaceuticals and their mixtures to the aquatic indicators Daphnia magna and Aliivibrio fischeri

IF 2.4 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Ecotoxicology Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI:10.1007/s10646-024-02798-0
José R. Montiel-Mora, Michael Méndez-Rivera, Didier Ramírez-Morales, Juan Carlos Cambronero-Heinrichs, Carlos E. Rodríguez-Rodríguez
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Abstract

Despite the benefits derived from the use of pharmaceuticals, these compounds are currently considered contaminants of emerging concern because of their presence and persistence in the environment. This study aimed to determine the toxicity of 27 pharmaceuticals and the interaction effects of binary mixtures of selected compounds towards two model organisms: the microcrustacean Daphnia magna and the bacterium Aliivibrio fischeri (Microtox test). Six compounds, namely polymyxin B, polymyxin E, fluoxetine, diphenhydramine, clenbuterol and ketoprofen exhibited moderate toxicity towards D. magna. Additionally, three compounds (cefotaxime, polymyxin B, polymyxin E) also showed a moderate toxic effect on A. fischeri. The comparison of such results with model estimations showed inaccuracy in the predicted data, highlighting the relevance of experimental ecotoxicological assays. The assayed mixtures contained four selected drugs of high-hazard according to their reported concentrations in wastewater and surface water (diphenhydramine, trimethoprim, ketoprofen, and fluoxetine); data revealed interactions only in the fluoxetine-containing mixtures for D. magna, while all mixtures showed interactions (mostly synergistic) for Microtox. Chronic effects on the reproduction of D. magna were observed after exposure to fluoxetine and diphenhydramine, although higher sensitivity was determined for the latter, while the mixture of these compounds (which showed acute synergy in both models) also affected the reproduction patterns. Nonetheless, all the effects described at the acute or chronic level (for individual compounds or mixtures) were determined at concentrations higher than commonly reported at environmental levels. This work provides valuable ecotoxicological information for the risk assessment of pharmaceuticals and their mixtures in the environment.

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某些药物及其混合物对水生指示剂大型蚤和鱼腥藻的毒性
尽管使用药物能带来很多好处,但由于这些化合物在环境中的存在和持久性,它们目前被认为是新出现的令人担忧的污染物。本研究旨在确定 27 种药物的毒性以及选定化合物的二元混合物对两种模式生物的相互作用效应:微型甲壳动物大型蚤和弗氏阿里弧菌(Microtox 试验)。六种化合物,即多粘菌素 B、多粘菌素 E、氟西汀、苯海拉明、盐酸克伦特罗和酮洛芬对大型蚤表现出中等毒性。此外,三种化合物(头孢噻肟、多粘菌素 B 和多粘菌素 E)也对费氏螯虾表现出中等毒性。将这些结果与模型估计值进行比较后发现,预测数据并不准确,这突出表明了生态毒理学实验检测的重要性。根据废水和地表水中的报告浓度,所测定的混合物中含有四种选定的高危药物(苯海拉明、三甲氧苄啶、酮洛芬和氟西汀);数据显示,只有含有氟西汀的混合物才会对大型蚤产生相互作用,而所有混合物都会对微毒素产生相互作用(主要是协同作用)。在接触氟西汀和苯海拉明后,观察到了对大型鲤鱼繁殖的慢性影响,但后者的敏感性更高,而这两种化合物的混合物(在两种模型中都显示出急性协同作用)也影响了繁殖模式。尽管如此,所有急性或慢性影响(对单个化合物或混合物的影响)都是在浓度高于通常报告的环境水平时确定的。这项工作为环境中药物及其混合物的风险评估提供了宝贵的生态毒理学信息。
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来源期刊
Ecotoxicology
Ecotoxicology 环境科学-毒理学
CiteScore
5.30
自引率
3.70%
发文量
107
审稿时长
4.7 months
期刊介绍: Ecotoxicology is an international journal devoted to the publication of fundamental research on the effects of toxic chemicals on populations, communities and terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems. It aims to elucidate mechanisms and processes whereby chemicals exert their effects on ecosystems and the impact caused at the population or community level. The journal is not biased with respect to taxon or biome, and papers that indicate possible new approaches to regulation and control of toxic chemicals and those aiding in formulating ways of conserving threatened species are particularly welcome. Studies on individuals should demonstrate linkage to population effects in clear and quantitative ways. Laboratory studies must show a clear linkage to specific field situations. The journal includes not only original research papers but technical notes and review articles, both invited and submitted. A strong, broadly based editorial board ensures as wide an international coverage as possible.
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