Lotus leaf-derived capacitive carbon for zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors prepared by one-step molten salt carbonization

IF 2.5 4区材料科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Journal of Porous Materials Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI:10.1007/s10934-024-01678-6

Renze Pang, Jingwen Cui, Liwen Ding, Shaowei Wu, Xinhua Cheng

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Abstract

High-performance carbon-based cathode materials were prepared by means of a facile eco-friendly and cost-effective molten salt carbonization of lotus leaves in eutectic (Na/K)₂CO₃ melt at 850 °C for aqueous zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZHSCs). Coin-type ZHSCs assembled as Carbon//Zn@Zn₃(PO₄)₂ delivered 164.3 F g^− 1 at 0.2 A g^− 1 and 95.2 F g^− 1 at 20 A g^− 1 with capacitance retention of 57.9% using 2 M ZnSO₄ solution as electrolyte. Meanwhile, it delivered the maximum energy density of 65.2 Wh kg^− 1 at 169.0 W kg^− 1 and the maximum power density of 13.3 kW kg^− 1 at 23.3 Wh kg^− 1. Benefitting from the multifunctionally interface-modified Zn₃(PO₄)₂ layer acting as physical barrier and Zn²⁺-transfer ionic conductor, it revealed outstanding recyclability with capacitance retention of 96.6% and coulombic efficiency of 99.6% after 10,000 charge-discharge cycles at 1 A g^-1. The synergistic effect on energy storage performance was discussed between porous structure, specific surface area, heteroatom doping and electrical conductivity.

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通过一步熔盐碳化法制备用于锌-离子混合超级电容器的荷叶衍生电容碳

通过对荷叶在共晶（Na/K）2CO3 熔体中进行 850 °C、环保且经济高效的熔盐碳化，制备了高性能碳基阴极材料，用于水性锌离子混合超级电容器（ZHSCs）。以 2 M ZnSO4 溶液为电解质，组装成 Carbon//Zn@Zn3(PO4)2 的硬币型 ZHSC 在 0.2 A g- 1 时的电容量为 164.3 F g- 1，在 20 A g- 1 时的电容量为 95.2 F g- 1，电容保持率为 57.9%。同时，在 169.0 W kg- 1 的条件下，它能提供 65.2 Wh kg- 1 的最大能量密度；在 23.3 Wh kg- 1 的条件下，它能提供 13.3 kW kg- 1 的最大功率密度。得益于作为物理屏障和 Zn2+ 转移离子导体的多功能界面修饰 Zn3(PO4)2 层，该电池具有出色的可回收性，在 1 A g-1 的条件下经过 10,000 次充放电循环后，电容保持率达到 96.6%，库仑效率达到 99.6%。讨论了多孔结构、比表面积、杂原子掺杂和导电性之间对储能性能的协同效应。

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来源期刊

Journal of Porous Materials 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

4.80

自引率

7.70%

发文量

203

审稿时长

2.6 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Porous Materials is an interdisciplinary and international periodical devoted to all types of porous materials. Its aim is the rapid publication of high quality, peer-reviewed papers focused on the synthesis, processing, characterization and property evaluation of all porous materials. The objective is to establish a unique journal that will serve as a principal means of communication for the growing interdisciplinary field of porous materials. Porous materials include microporous materials with 50 nm pores. Examples of microporous materials are natural and synthetic molecular sieves, cationic and anionic clays, pillared clays, tobermorites, pillared Zr and Ti phosphates, spherosilicates, carbons, porous polymers, xerogels, etc. Mesoporous materials include synthetic molecular sieves, xerogels, aerogels, glasses, glass ceramics, porous polymers, etc.; while macroporous materials include ceramics, glass ceramics, porous polymers, aerogels, cement, etc. The porous materials can be crystalline, semicrystalline or noncrystalline, or combinations thereof. They can also be either organic, inorganic, or their composites. The overall objective of the journal is the establishment of one main forum covering the basic and applied aspects of all porous materials.