Recruitment curves of three non-native conifers in European temperate forests: implications for invasions

IF 2.8 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Biological Invasions Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI:10.1007/s10530-024-03438-8
Aurore Fanal, Grégory Mahy, Arnaud Monty
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Abstract

Few conifers are considered invasive in Europe, yet recent studies indicate that several species used for forestry display abundant regeneration and spread into surrounding natural habitats. Three species were identified as being particularly at risk in Belgium, but data is lacking regarding their dispersal. We characterized the recruitment curves of Tsuga heterophylla, Abies grandis and Thuja plicata. Isolated plantations were monitored and realized dispersal (i.e. seedlings and recruited regeneration) was recorded and measured over 750 m in different directions. We calculated the wave expansion rate and frontier expansion rate for each planting site and fitted dispersal kernels for each site and species. Regeneration was classified in three size categories (seedlings, saplings and trees above 1.5 m), and the recruitment distances were analyzed for each size class. The effect of the forest type (deciduous, coniferous, open or mixed) on the density of regeneration was also investigated with regression models. The recruitment curves varied greatly across sites, showing heterogeneous habitat suitability and uneven post-germination processes. Considering the frontier expansion rate, the three conifers appear to spread beyond documented threshold rate of invasiveness. Regeneration density was higher in coniferous forest type, as well as open areas for Tsuga heterophylla. An escape effect was noticed as mean and maximal dispersal distances of saplings and taller trees were greater than those of seedlings. Our study indicates that Tsuga heterophylla displays the highest risk of rapid spread into adjacent natural habitats, followed by Abies grandis. Thuja plicata faces more recruitment limitations.

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欧洲温带森林中三种非本地针叶树的招募曲线:对入侵的影响
欧洲很少有针叶树被认为是入侵物种,但最近的研究表明,一些用于林业的树种再生能力很强,并扩散到周围的自然栖息地。在比利时,有三种针叶树被认为是特别危险的树种,但缺乏有关其扩散的数据。我们研究了Tsuga heterophylla、Abies grandis和Thuja plicata的再生曲线。我们对孤立的人工林进行了监测,并记录和测量了750米范围内不同方向的扩散情况(即幼苗和再生苗)。我们计算了每个种植点的波及扩展率和前沿扩展率,并为每个种植点和物种拟合了扩散核。我们将再生植被分为三个大小类别(幼苗、树苗和 1.5 米以上的树木),并分析了每个大小类别的新生距离。还利用回归模型研究了森林类型(落叶林、针叶林、疏林或混交林)对再生密度的影响。不同地点的新陈代谢曲线差异很大,表明栖息地适宜性和发芽后过程不均衡。考虑到前沿扩展率,这三种针叶树的扩展似乎超过了记录的入侵阈值率。针叶林类型的再生密度较高,异叶红豆杉(Tsuga heterophylla)的再生密度也较高。由于树苗和高大乔木的平均扩散距离和最大扩散距离均大于树苗,因此发现了逃逸效应。我们的研究表明,异叶红豆杉向邻近自然栖息地快速扩散的风险最高,其次是大叶女贞。榉树面临更多的繁殖限制。
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来源期刊
Biological Invasions
Biological Invasions 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
6.00
自引率
6.90%
发文量
248
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Biological Invasions publishes research and synthesis papers on patterns and processes of biological invasions in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine (including brackish) ecosystems. Also of interest are scholarly papers on management and policy issues as they relate to conservation programs and the global amelioration or control of invasions. The journal will consider proposals for special issues resulting from conferences or workshops on invasions.There are no page charges to publish in this journal.
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