Spectral properties of ablating meteorite samples for improved meteoroid composition diagnostics

Pavol Matlovič, Adriana Pisarčíková, Veronika Pazderová, Stefan Loehle, Juraj Tóth, Ludovic Ferrière, Peter Čermák, David Leiser, Jérémie Vaubaillon, Ranjith Ravichandran
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Abstract

Emission spectra and diagnostic spectral features of a diverse range of ablated meteorite samples with a known composition are presented. We aim to provide a reference spectral dataset to improve our abilities to classify meteoroid composition types from meteor spectra observations. The data were obtained by ablating meteorite samples in high-enthalpy plasma wind tunnel facilities recreating conditions characteristic of low-speed meteors. Near-UV to visible-range (320 - 800 nm) emission spectra of 22 diverse meteorites captured by a high-resolution Echelle spectrometer were analyzed to identify the characteristic spectral features of individual meteorite groups. The same dataset captured by a lower-resolution meteor spectrograph was applied to compare the meteorite data with meteor spectra observations. Spectral modeling revealed that the emitting meteorite plasma was characterized by temperatures of 3700 - 4800 K, similar to the main temperature component of meteors. The studied line intensity variations were found to trace the differences in the original meteorite composition and thus can be used to constrain the individual meteorite classes. We demonstrate that meteorite composition types, including ordinary chondrites, carbonaceous chondrites, various achondrites, stony-iron and iron meteorites, can be spectrally distinguished by measuring relative line intensities of Mg I, Fe I, Na I, Cr I, Mn I, Si I, H I, CN, Ni I, and Li I. Additionally, we confirm the effect of the incomplete evaporation of refractory elements Al, Ti, and Ca, and the presence of minor species Co I, Cu I, and V I.
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用于改进流星体成分诊断的烧蚀陨石样本的光谱特性
本文介绍了各种已知成分的已辐射陨石样本的发射光谱和诊断光谱特征。我们的目的是提供一个参考光谱数据集,以提高我们从流星光谱观测中对陨石成分类型进行分类的能力。这些数据是通过在高焓等离子风隧道设施中烧蚀陨石样本获得的,再现了低速流星的特征条件。对高分辨率埃歇尔光谱仪捕获的 22 种不同陨石的近紫外至可见光范围(320 - 800 nm)发射光谱进行了分析,以确定各个陨石群的光谱特征。应用低分辨率流星光谱仪捕获的同类数据集将陨石数据与流星光谱观测数据进行比较。光谱建模显示,发射陨石的等离子体的温度为 3700 - 4800 K,与流星的主要温度成分相似。研究发现,所研究的线强度变化可追溯到陨石原始成分的差异,因此可用于约束各个陨石类别。我们证明,通过测量 Mg I、Fe I、Na I、Cr I、Mn I、Si I、H I、CN、Ni I 和 Li I 的相对线强度,可以从光谱上区分陨石的成分类型,包括普通软玉、碳质软玉、各种隐长岩、石铁陨石和铁陨石。
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