Future Pandemics: AI-Designed Assays for Detecting Mpox, General and Clade 1b Specific

Abstract

The global outbreak of human monkeypox (mpox) in 2022, declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the WHO, has underscored the urgent need for effective diagnostic tools. In August 2024 WHO again declared mpox as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. This study presents an innovative approach using artificial intelligence (AI) to design primers for the rapid and accurate detection of mpox. Leveraging evolutionary algorithms, we developed primer sets with high specificity and sensitivity, validated in silico for mpox main lineage and the Clade 1b. These primers are crucial for distinguishing mpox from other viruses, enabling precise diagnosis and timely public health responses. Our findings highlight the potential of AI-driven methodologies to enhance surveillance, vaccination strategies, and outbreak management, particularly for emerging zoonotic diseases. The emergence of new mpox clades, such as Clade 1b, with higher mortality rates, further emphasizes the necessity for continuous monitoring and preparedness for future pandemics. This study advocates for the integration of AI in molecular diagnostics to improve public health outcomes.