Sol–gel elaboration and comprehensive characterization of CdFe2O4: an efficient photocatalyst for the visible light-driven degradation of malachite green and neutral red dyes

IF 1.7 4区化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI:10.1007/s11144-024-02707-w

Salah Eddine Hachani, Sofiane Makhloufi, Achouak Achour, Adel Khiouani, Hanane Fodil, Sofia Laifaoui, Regadia Aissaoui, Zelikha Necira

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Abstract

We have successfully synthesized cadmium ferrite spinel CdFe₂O₄ powder via the sol–gel route and meticulously evaluated its efficacy as a photocatalyst for the eradication of Green Malachite (MG) and Neutral Red (NR) dyes from wastewater. Our synthesized samples underwent comprehensive characterization employing a suite of analytical techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, and UV–Visible measurements. The XRD analysis unequivocally confirmed the formation of CdFe₂O₄ at 700 °C, showcasing a distinct cubic phase structure. Moreover, FTIR spectroscopy unveiled two typical bands at 412 cm⁻¹ and 603 cm⁻¹ for the studied spinel. SEM imaging revealed a unique microstructure characterized by aggregated pseudo-spherical grains of varying sizes and a plethora of pores. BET analysis demonstrated that the prepared CdFe₂O4 powder boasted a substantial specific surface area of 9.58 m²/g along with a notable pore volume. Our optical and photocatalytic assessments elucidated CdFe₂O₄ spinel powder as a semiconductor material featuring a band gap of 2.37 eV, showcasing commendable photocatalytic activity against the targeted dyes. Noteworthy is the attainment of a remarkable removal efficiency of 79.07% for MG and 92.34% for NR following a mere 180 min of exposure to visible light irradiation.

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溶胶凝胶法制备 CdFe2O4 并对其进行综合表征：一种用于可见光驱动的孔雀石绿和中性红染料降解的高效光催化剂

我们通过溶胶-凝胶法成功合成了镉铁氧体尖晶石 CdFe2O4 粉末，并对其作为光催化剂消除废水中绿色孔雀石（MG）和中性红（NR）染料的功效进行了细致的评估。我们采用一系列分析技术对合成样品进行了综合表征，包括 X 射线衍射 (XRD)、傅立叶变换红外光谱 (FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)、Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) 分析和紫外-可见光测量。XRD 分析明确证实，在 700 °C 时形成了 CdFe2O4，显示出明显的立方相结构。此外，傅立叶变换红外光谱揭示了所研究尖晶石在 412 cm-1 和 603 cm-1 处的两个典型波段。扫描电子显微镜成像显示了独特的微观结构，其特点是聚集了大小不一的假球形晶粒和大量孔隙。BET 分析表明，制备的 CdFe2O4 粉末具有 9.58 平方米/克的巨大比表面积和显著的孔隙率。我们的光学和光催化评估结果表明，CdFe2O4 尖晶石粉末是一种带隙为 2.37 eV 的半导体材料，对目标染料具有值得称赞的光催化活性。值得注意的是，在可见光照射 180 分钟后，MG 和 NR 的去除率分别达到 79.07% 和 92.34%。

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来源期刊

Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL-

CiteScore

3.30

自引率

5.60%

发文量

201

审稿时长

2.8 months

期刊介绍： Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis is a medium for original contributions in the following fields: -kinetics of homogeneous reactions in gas, liquid and solid phase; -Homogeneous catalysis; -Heterogeneous catalysis; -Adsorption in heterogeneous catalysis; -Transport processes related to reaction kinetics and catalysis; -Preparation and study of catalysts; -Reactors and apparatus. Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis was formerly published under the title Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters.