The effects of attentional focus instructions on approach jump performance

IF 1.5 4区 教育学 Q3 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching Pub Date : 2024-08-23 DOI:10.1177/17479541241270392
Hanwen Liu, Scott Arnett, Dano Tolusso, Kaylee Woodard
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Abstract

IntroductionAttentional focus has been shown to significantly influence motor learning and performance, with external focus instructions enhancing performance compared to internal focus instructions. Research has also demonstrated that novice performance is improved when instructed to focus on skill execution processes rather than outcomes. However, this effect remains untested in complex jumping skills crucial to numerous sports.PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the effect of internally and externally directed process and outcome focus instructions on approach jump height and approach speed in novice participants.MethodsTwelve individuals aged 18 to 22 participated across three sessions: Familiarization, Test Session 1, and Test Session 2. During the test sessions, participants executed approach jumps in various conditions, each emphasizing specific cues: External Focus-Outcome, Internal Focus-Outcome, External Focus-Process, and Internal Focus-Process. Jump-and-Reach Height, Estimated Jump Height by Flight Time, and Approach Speed were assessed through 2 × 2 repeated measures ANOVAs.ResultsExternal focus and outcome conditions led to the highest jump-and-reach height ( p < .05). Process conditions yielded faster approach speed compared to outcome conditions ( p < .001), irrespective of internal or external focus direction. Estimated jump height by flight time was similar across all conditions.ConclusionsThe study suggests that benefits of external focus and process instructions for novices may apply only to certain performance variables in complex motor skills.Practical ApplicationsPractitioners can optimize novices’ performance using various process- and outcome-based instructions. External, outcome-based cues enhance overall task performance, while process-based cues may improve specific technical components.
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注意力集中指令对接近跳跃成绩的影响
引言 注意力集中已被证明对运动学习和成绩有显著影响,与内部注意力集中指令相比,外部注意力集中指令可提高成绩。研究还表明,如果指导新手将注意力集中在技能的执行过程而不是结果上,他们的成绩会得到提高。本研究旨在调查内外部引导的过程和结果集中指令对新手起跳高度和速度的影响:12名年龄在18至22岁之间的参与者参加了三个环节:熟悉环节、测试环节1和测试环节2。在测试过程中,参与者在不同的条件下进行了起跳,每个条件都强调了特定的提示:外部关注-结果、内部关注-结果、外部关注-过程和内部关注-过程。通过 2 × 2 重复测量方差分析,对跳起高度、飞行时间估计跳起高度和接近速度进行了评估。结果 外部关注和结果条件下的跳起高度最高(p < .05)。与结果条件相比,过程条件下的接近速度更快(p <.001),与内部或外部聚焦方向无关。结论该研究表明,外部关注和过程指导对新手的益处可能只适用于复杂运动技能的某些表现变量。实际应用实践者可以使用各种基于过程和结果的指导来优化新手的表现。以结果为基础的外部提示可提高任务的整体表现,而以过程为基础的提示则可提高特定的技术成分。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.50
自引率
15.80%
发文量
208
期刊介绍: The International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching is a peer-reviewed, international, academic/professional journal, which aims to bridge the gap between coaching and sports science. The journal will integrate theory and practice in sports science, promote critical reflection of coaching practice, and evaluate commonly accepted beliefs about coaching effectiveness and performance enhancement. Open learning systems will be promoted in which: (a) sports science is made accessible to coaches, translating knowledge into working practice; and (b) the challenges faced by coaches are communicated to sports scientists. The vision of the journal is to support the development of a community in which: (i) sports scientists and coaches respect and learn from each other as they assist athletes to acquire skills by training safely and effectively, thereby enhancing their performance, maximizing their enjoyment of the sporting experience and facilitating character development; and (ii) scientific research is embraced in the quest to uncover, understand and develop the processes involved in sports coaching and elite performance.
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