{"title":"Research disturbance negatively impacts incubation behaviour of female great tits","authors":"Léanne Clemencin, Emilio Barba, David Diez-Méndez","doi":"10.1007/s00265-024-03514-y","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Human-induced disturbance is perceived by avian species as a predation risk. However, the anti-predatory behaviour triggered by these non-lethal events can have negative impacts on reproduction and offspring survival. Research on breeding birds often involves visits to their nests and is likely to disrupt parental behaviour, but nest visits that do not involve direct handling of females have been overlooked as important disturbance events. This study focuses on the impacts of short visits to the nest of incubating Great tit <i>(Parus major</i>) females. We investigated how long they stay away from the nest (off-bout) after a disturbance, their possible compensatory behaviour once they resume incubation (on-bout), and the effects on daily incubation rhythms. We used three years of data from two breeding populations to assess the consequences of disturbances in two scenarios: when the female is present in the nest and flushed, and when the female is absent. We found that after a disturbance, the immediate off-bout was longer when the female was either present or absent, with the magnitude of the disturbance being greater when females were flushed. Females did not compensate with longer on-bouts afterwards, i.e. the research disturbance altered daily incubation behaviour by reducing the total time spent on the nest in relation to the number of daily disturbance events. Females that alter their behaviour in response to perceived predation risk would perform longer incubation periods, resulting in lower hatching rates. These effects of research on female behaviour should be considered when planning field experiments.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Significance statement</h3><p>Incubating birds react to human activity near their nests by changing their behaviour. This may also apply to basic research activities, but we have no data on how a visit, e.g., to check clutch size, affects them. To find out, we classified data from routine research visits to great tit nests, which are often used for research in the wild, into long and short visits. We also considered whether a female was incubating or foraging outside the nest during the visit. We found that females tended to stay away from the nest longer after they encounter a researcher, and after longer visits. Our results show that even slight research activities in the nest alters female incubation behaviour. They flee and leave the clutch unattended for longer, changing the thermal environment of the nest, which is crucial for proper embryo development.</p>","PeriodicalId":1,"journal":{"name":"Accounts of Chemical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":16.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Accounts of Chemical Research","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-024-03514-y","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Human-induced disturbance is perceived by avian species as a predation risk. However, the anti-predatory behaviour triggered by these non-lethal events can have negative impacts on reproduction and offspring survival. Research on breeding birds often involves visits to their nests and is likely to disrupt parental behaviour, but nest visits that do not involve direct handling of females have been overlooked as important disturbance events. This study focuses on the impacts of short visits to the nest of incubating Great tit (Parus major) females. We investigated how long they stay away from the nest (off-bout) after a disturbance, their possible compensatory behaviour once they resume incubation (on-bout), and the effects on daily incubation rhythms. We used three years of data from two breeding populations to assess the consequences of disturbances in two scenarios: when the female is present in the nest and flushed, and when the female is absent. We found that after a disturbance, the immediate off-bout was longer when the female was either present or absent, with the magnitude of the disturbance being greater when females were flushed. Females did not compensate with longer on-bouts afterwards, i.e. the research disturbance altered daily incubation behaviour by reducing the total time spent on the nest in relation to the number of daily disturbance events. Females that alter their behaviour in response to perceived predation risk would perform longer incubation periods, resulting in lower hatching rates. These effects of research on female behaviour should be considered when planning field experiments.
Significance statement
Incubating birds react to human activity near their nests by changing their behaviour. This may also apply to basic research activities, but we have no data on how a visit, e.g., to check clutch size, affects them. To find out, we classified data from routine research visits to great tit nests, which are often used for research in the wild, into long and short visits. We also considered whether a female was incubating or foraging outside the nest during the visit. We found that females tended to stay away from the nest longer after they encounter a researcher, and after longer visits. Our results show that even slight research activities in the nest alters female incubation behaviour. They flee and leave the clutch unattended for longer, changing the thermal environment of the nest, which is crucial for proper embryo development.
期刊介绍:
Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance.
Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.