Research disturbance negatively impacts incubation behaviour of female great tits

IF 16.4 1区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Accounts of Chemical Research Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI:10.1007/s00265-024-03514-y
Léanne Clemencin, Emilio Barba, David Diez-Méndez
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Abstract

Human-induced disturbance is perceived by avian species as a predation risk. However, the anti-predatory behaviour triggered by these non-lethal events can have negative impacts on reproduction and offspring survival. Research on breeding birds often involves visits to their nests and is likely to disrupt parental behaviour, but nest visits that do not involve direct handling of females have been overlooked as important disturbance events. This study focuses on the impacts of short visits to the nest of incubating Great tit (Parus major) females. We investigated how long they stay away from the nest (off-bout) after a disturbance, their possible compensatory behaviour once they resume incubation (on-bout), and the effects on daily incubation rhythms. We used three years of data from two breeding populations to assess the consequences of disturbances in two scenarios: when the female is present in the nest and flushed, and when the female is absent. We found that after a disturbance, the immediate off-bout was longer when the female was either present or absent, with the magnitude of the disturbance being greater when females were flushed. Females did not compensate with longer on-bouts afterwards, i.e. the research disturbance altered daily incubation behaviour by reducing the total time spent on the nest in relation to the number of daily disturbance events. Females that alter their behaviour in response to perceived predation risk would perform longer incubation periods, resulting in lower hatching rates. These effects of research on female behaviour should be considered when planning field experiments.

Significance statement

Incubating birds react to human activity near their nests by changing their behaviour. This may also apply to basic research activities, but we have no data on how a visit, e.g., to check clutch size, affects them. To find out, we classified data from routine research visits to great tit nests, which are often used for research in the wild, into long and short visits. We also considered whether a female was incubating or foraging outside the nest during the visit. We found that females tended to stay away from the nest longer after they encounter a researcher, and after longer visits. Our results show that even slight research activities in the nest alters female incubation behaviour. They flee and leave the clutch unattended for longer, changing the thermal environment of the nest, which is crucial for proper embryo development.

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研究干扰对雌性大山雀的孵化行为产生负面影响
摘要 人为干扰被鸟类视为捕食风险。然而,这些非致命事件引发的反捕食行为可能会对繁殖和后代存活产生负面影响。对繁殖鸟类的研究通常涉及到探访鸟巢,这很可能会扰乱亲鸟的行为,但不涉及直接处理雌鸟的探巢活动却被忽视为重要的干扰事件。本研究的重点是短期探访正在孵化的大山雀(Parus major)雌鸟巢穴的影响。我们调查了干扰发生后雌鸟离开巢穴的时间(离巢)、恢复孵化后可能的补偿行为(出巢)以及对每日孵化节奏的影响。我们利用两个繁殖种群三年的数据,评估了两种情况下干扰的后果:雌鸟在巢中并冲出巢外时,以及雌鸟不在巢中时。我们发现,无论雌鸟在巢内还是不在巢内,发生干扰后,雌鸟立即停止活动的时间都更长,而当雌鸟被冲入巢内时,干扰的程度更大。也就是说,研究干扰改变了雌鸟的日常孵化行为,减少了雌鸟每天花在巢上的总时间。根据捕食风险而改变行为的雌鸟会延长孵化期,从而降低孵化率。在规划现场实验时,应考虑研究对雌鸟行为的这些影响。意义声明孵化鸟类会通过改变行为对其巢穴附近的人类活动做出反应。这可能也适用于基础研究活动,但我们没有数据表明人类的探访(例如检查鸟群大小)会对它们产生怎样的影响。为了找出答案,我们将对大山雀巢穴的例行研究访问数据分为长期访问和短期访问。我们还考虑了雌鸟在探访期间是否在巢外孵化或觅食。我们发现,雌鸟在遇到研究人员后离开巢穴的时间往往更长,访问时间也更长。我们的结果表明,即使在巢内进行轻微的研究活动也会改变雌鸟的孵化行为。雌鸟会逃离巢穴,让孵化的幼鸟更长时间无人照看,从而改变巢穴的热环境,而这对胚胎的正常发育至关重要。
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来源期刊
Accounts of Chemical Research
Accounts of Chemical Research 化学-化学综合
CiteScore
31.40
自引率
1.10%
发文量
312
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance. Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.
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