Atoms in molecules without boundaries: analyses via electrostatic potentials at nuclei

IF 2.1 4区 化学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Structural Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-08-15 DOI:10.1007/s11224-024-02369-3
Jane S. Murray
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Abstract

This prefatory review begins with historical background relating to the emergence of the electrostatic potential into the field of chemistry and related fields, leading then into the major focus of this paper: electrostatic potentials at nuclei. The electrostatic potential at the nucleus of an atom, whether it be in the free state or in a neutral molecule or in an ionic molecular species, is qualitatively a characteristic property of the atom. It changes remarkably little from one molecular environment to another. As has been shown earlier by Politzer, the energies of atoms and molecules can be expressed both approximately and rigorously in terms of the electrostatic potentials at their nuclei. For example, molecular energies can be written entirely as summations over atomic contributions, with no explicit interatomic terms. This provides a basis for estimating the energy of an atom in a molecule and supports the validity of the atoms-in-molecules concept, however without the necessity of boundaries for the atoms. This has been further substantiated by a recent paper entitled “Atoms do exist in molecules: Analysis using electrostatic potentials at nuclei”, where the authors have shown that the electrostatic potential created by the electrons of all the other atoms at a particular nucleus in a molecular species, not including those associated with that particular atom itself, is almost identical in magnitude to the potential due to the other nuclei. The significance of this will be discussed, with an emphasis on atoms in molecules without boundaries.

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无边界分子中的原子:通过原子核的静电势进行分析
这篇前言首先介绍了静电位在化学和相关领域出现的历史背景,然后引出本文的主要重点:原子核的静电位。无论是自由状态、中性分子还是离子分子,原子核的静电势都是原子的一种定性特征。从一个分子环境到另一个分子环境,它的变化非常小。正如波利策在前面所展示的,原子和分子的能量可以用原子核的静电势来近似和严格地表示。例如,分子能量可以完全写成原子贡献的总和,没有明确的原子间项。这就为估算分子中原子的能量提供了依据,并支持了分子中原子概念的有效性,但原子无需边界。最近一篇题为 "原子确实存在于分子中 "的论文进一步证实了这一点:作者在这篇论文中指出,在分子物种中,所有其他原子的电子在特定原子核上产生的静电势(不包括与该原子相关的电子)与其他原子核产生的静电势在大小上几乎相同。我们将讨论这一点的意义,重点是无边界分子中的原子。
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来源期刊
Structural Chemistry
Structural Chemistry 化学-化学综合
CiteScore
3.80
自引率
11.80%
发文量
227
审稿时长
3.7 months
期刊介绍: Structural Chemistry is an international forum for the publication of peer-reviewed original research papers that cover the condensed and gaseous states of matter and involve numerous techniques for the determination of structure and energetics, their results, and the conclusions derived from these studies. The journal overcomes the unnatural separation in the current literature among the areas of structure determination, energetics, and applications, as well as builds a bridge to other chemical disciplines. Ist comprehensive coverage encompasses broad discussion of results, observation of relationships among various properties, and the description and application of structure and energy information in all domains of chemistry. We welcome the broadest range of accounts of research in structural chemistry involving the discussion of methodologies and structures,experimental, theoretical, and computational, and their combinations. We encourage discussions of structural information collected for their chemicaland biological significance.
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