Preparation and characterization of high-stability gel foam for fracture plugging in reservoirs

IF 4.1 2区 工程技术 Q1 MECHANICS Physics of Fluids Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI:10.1063/5.0223975
Jingyu Zhang, Binfei Li, Yan Xin, Boliang Li, Mengyuan Zhang, Hao Wang, Shuhao Zhang, Hang Zhang, Xinliang Gu
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Abstract

A high-stability gel foam is successfully prepared by forming a gel structure in the liquid film using polymer and crosslinker. The foaming properties, gel characteristics, foam stability, and microstructure of the high-stability gel foam are systematically studied. Although increasing the viscosity of the liquid film reduces the foam volume, it significantly enhances the foam stability. Considering the foaming properties, gel characteristics, and economic benefits, the optimal formulation of the gel foam system is determined to be 0.8% surfactant, 0.3% hydroxypropyl guar gum (HPG), and 0.2% organic titanium crosslinker (ATC). Microstructural analysis revealed that, compared to water-based and polymer foams, gel foam has smaller bubble sizes, lower drainage rates, and slower coarsening rates. This improvement is mainly attributed to the increased viscosity and thickness of the liquid film after gel and the formation of a three-dimensional network structure. Water loss rate experiment shows that the foam stability is stronger when the liquid film has certain viscosity and elasticity to resist external disturbances. However, higher viscosity and film strength do not necessarily result in better foam stability. The final water loss rate of the gel foam after being placed at 100 °C for 10 h is 74.45%, much lower than that of other higher-strength gel foams (greater than 99%). Fracture plugging experiments demonstrated that the plugging rate of gel foam is high (80%), whereas water-based foam achieved only 37.5%. The gel foam can effectively plug fractures and expand the swept volume, showing great potential for improving oil reservoir recovery.
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用于堵塞储层裂缝的高稳定性凝胶泡沫的制备与表征
通过使用聚合物和交联剂在液膜中形成凝胶结构,成功制备了高稳定性凝胶泡沫。研究人员对高稳定性凝胶泡沫的发泡特性、凝胶特征、泡沫稳定性和微观结构进行了系统研究。虽然增加液膜粘度会减少泡沫体积,但却能显著提高泡沫稳定性。考虑到发泡性能、凝胶特性和经济效益,确定凝胶泡沫系统的最佳配方为 0.8%表面活性剂、0.3% 羟丙基瓜尔胶(HPG)和 0.2%有机钛交联剂(ATC)。微观结构分析表明,与水基泡沫和聚合物泡沫相比,凝胶泡沫的气泡尺寸更小、排水率更低、粗化速度更慢。这种改善主要归因于凝胶后液膜的粘度和厚度增加以及三维网络结构的形成。失水率实验表明,当液膜具有一定的粘度和弹性以抵抗外界干扰时,泡沫的稳定性会更强。然而,粘度和膜强度越高,泡沫稳定性并不一定越好。在 100 °C 下放置 10 小时后,凝胶泡沫的最终失水率为 74.45%,远低于其他更高强度的凝胶泡沫(大于 99%)。裂缝堵塞实验表明,凝胶泡沫的堵塞率很高(80%),而水基泡沫的堵塞率仅为 37.5%。凝胶泡沫能有效堵塞裂缝,扩大扫油体积,在提高油藏采收率方面潜力巨大。
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来源期刊
Physics of Fluids
Physics of Fluids 物理-力学
CiteScore
6.50
自引率
41.30%
发文量
2063
审稿时长
2.6 months
期刊介绍: Physics of Fluids (PoF) is a preeminent journal devoted to publishing original theoretical, computational, and experimental contributions to the understanding of the dynamics of gases, liquids, and complex or multiphase fluids. Topics published in PoF are diverse and reflect the most important subjects in fluid dynamics, including, but not limited to: -Acoustics -Aerospace and aeronautical flow -Astrophysical flow -Biofluid mechanics -Cavitation and cavitating flows -Combustion flows -Complex fluids -Compressible flow -Computational fluid dynamics -Contact lines -Continuum mechanics -Convection -Cryogenic flow -Droplets -Electrical and magnetic effects in fluid flow -Foam, bubble, and film mechanics -Flow control -Flow instability and transition -Flow orientation and anisotropy -Flows with other transport phenomena -Flows with complex boundary conditions -Flow visualization -Fluid mechanics -Fluid physical properties -Fluid–structure interactions -Free surface flows -Geophysical flow -Interfacial flow -Knudsen flow -Laminar flow -Liquid crystals -Mathematics of fluids -Micro- and nanofluid mechanics -Mixing -Molecular theory -Nanofluidics -Particulate, multiphase, and granular flow -Processing flows -Relativistic fluid mechanics -Rotating flows -Shock wave phenomena -Soft matter -Stratified flows -Supercritical fluids -Superfluidity -Thermodynamics of flow systems -Transonic flow -Turbulent flow -Viscous and non-Newtonian flow -Viscoelasticity -Vortex dynamics -Waves
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