Integration of Samarium Vanadate/Halloysite Nanotubes: Electrochemical Determination of Furaltadone Using Flexible Electrode

Abstract

In this study, a composite comprising a rare-earth metal, samarium vanadate (SmVO₄, SmV), anchored to halloysite nanotube (HNT) making SmV/HNT nanocomposite is synthesized for the sensitive electrochemical determination of furaltadone (FLD) through differential pulse voltammetry analysis based on the synergistic effect of SmV/HNT (the catalytic activity and chemical stability of SmV, which was further boosted by the improved surface area and conductance of HNT). Further, in the microscopic studies, it is revealed that SmV exhibits a tetragonal zircon-type crystalline structure, with I4₁/amd (141) space group, whereas HNT comprises a multiphase kaolin composition as a gibbsite-like octahedral sheet with multivalency, and the morphological irregularities of the individual constituents are rectified in the composite. The SmV/HNT composite is spray-coated on polyethylene terephthalate sheet, which delivered a promising trace level limit of detection (0.009 μm) over a wide working range (0.05–194.4 μm) for FLD. Furthermore, real sample analysis is performed using human serum, and pharmaceutical tablet and the results reveal exceptional repeatability and sensitivity, indicating the real-time application of SmV/HNT in the pharmaceutical domain.