{"title":"Multiphase distribution in partly saturated hierarchical nonwoven fibre networks under applied load using X-ray computed tomography","authors":"Patrick Wegele, Tomas Rosén, Daniel Söderberg","doi":"10.1007/s00348-024-03869-y","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In many industrial applications, nonwoven fibre networks are facilitated to operate under partly saturated conditions, allowing for filtration, liquid absorption and liquid transport. Resolving the governing liquid distribution in loaded polyamide-6 (PA6) fibre networks using X-ray computed micro-tomography is a challenge due to the similar X-ray attenuation coefficients of water and PA6 and limitations in using background subtraction techniques if the network is deformed, which will be the case if subjected to compression. In this work, we developed a method using a potassium iodide solution in water to enhance the liquid’s attenuation coefficient without modifying the water’s rheological properties. Therefore, we studied the evolving liquid distribution in loaded and partly saturated PA6 fibre networks on the microscale. Increasing the external load applied to the network, we observed an exponential decrease in air content while the liquid content was constant, increasing the overall saturation with increasing network strain. Furthermore, the microstructural properties created by the punch-needle process in the manufacturing of the network significantly influenced the out-of-plane liquid distribution. The method has been proven helpful in understanding the results of adaptions in both the fibre network design and manufacturing process, allowing for investigating the resulting liquid distribution on a microscale.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":554,"journal":{"name":"Experiments in Fluids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00348-024-03869-y.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Experiments in Fluids","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00348-024-03869-y","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
In many industrial applications, nonwoven fibre networks are facilitated to operate under partly saturated conditions, allowing for filtration, liquid absorption and liquid transport. Resolving the governing liquid distribution in loaded polyamide-6 (PA6) fibre networks using X-ray computed micro-tomography is a challenge due to the similar X-ray attenuation coefficients of water and PA6 and limitations in using background subtraction techniques if the network is deformed, which will be the case if subjected to compression. In this work, we developed a method using a potassium iodide solution in water to enhance the liquid’s attenuation coefficient without modifying the water’s rheological properties. Therefore, we studied the evolving liquid distribution in loaded and partly saturated PA6 fibre networks on the microscale. Increasing the external load applied to the network, we observed an exponential decrease in air content while the liquid content was constant, increasing the overall saturation with increasing network strain. Furthermore, the microstructural properties created by the punch-needle process in the manufacturing of the network significantly influenced the out-of-plane liquid distribution. The method has been proven helpful in understanding the results of adaptions in both the fibre network design and manufacturing process, allowing for investigating the resulting liquid distribution on a microscale.
在许多工业应用中,无纺布纤维网可在部分饱和的条件下运行,从而实现过滤、液体吸收和液体输送。由于水和 PA6 的 X 射线衰减系数相似,而且如果网络发生变形(如受到压缩),则使用背景减影技术会受到限制,因此使用 X 射线计算微观层析技术来解决负载聚酰胺-6(PA6)纤维网络中的液体分布问题是一项挑战。在这项工作中,我们开发了一种使用水中碘化钾溶液的方法,在不改变水的流变特性的情况下提高液体的衰减系数。因此,我们在微观尺度上研究了加载和部分饱和 PA6 纤维网络中不断变化的液体分布。随着施加在网络上的外部载荷的增加,我们观察到空气含量呈指数下降,而液体含量保持不变,随着网络应变的增加,整体饱和度也在增加。此外,在制造网络的过程中,冲针工艺所产生的微观结构特性也对平面外的液体分布产生了显著影响。事实证明,该方法有助于了解纤维网设计和制造过程中的调整结果,并可在微观尺度上研究由此产生的液体分布。
期刊介绍:
Experiments in Fluids examines the advancement, extension, and improvement of new techniques of flow measurement. The journal also publishes contributions that employ existing experimental techniques to gain an understanding of the underlying flow physics in the areas of turbulence, aerodynamics, hydrodynamics, convective heat transfer, combustion, turbomachinery, multi-phase flows, and chemical, biological and geological flows. In addition, readers will find papers that report on investigations combining experimental and analytical/numerical approaches.