Surface roughness evolution of 1Cr12Ni3MoVN alloy prepared by additive/subtractive hybrid manufacturing

Zhen Wang, Chunhuan Guo, Songchuan Shi, Zubin Chen, Guorui Jiang, Chuanming Liu, De Xu, Fengchun Jiang
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Abstract

To improve the surface quality of samples manufactured by directed energy deposition (DED), the subtractive process is integrated with additive manufacturing, a method known as additive/subtractive hybrid manufacturing (ASHM). The correlation between the surface quality of the subtractive process and the process parameters of additive manufacturing has been established in this work. The results demonstrate that a high linear energy density can improve the surface quality of the subtractive process. To comprehensively analyze the mechanisms, field emission scanning electron microscopy and nanoindentation are employed to investigate the microstructure and mechanical behavior of the ASHMed specimens. It is observed that increasing linear energy density can strengthen the tempering effect on the previously deposited layer, thereby promoting the precipitation of MC (M=Mo) carbides along the grain boundary and reducing defects at the grain boundary. Furthermore, this enhancement reinforces the grain boundary strength, leading to a transition in the fracture mechanism from intergranular to transgranular fracture during the subtractive process. As a result, the surface roughness of ASHMed samples improves with increasing linear energy density. Additionally, the finite element simulation of the ASHM process was performed, demonstrating a close correspondence with experimental results, with an error margin of 6.30 %. In conclusion, the model described in this paper can predict the surface quality of the 1Cr12Ni3MoVN alloy fabricated by the ASHM.
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添加剂/减量剂混合制造法制备的 1Cr12Ni3MoVN 合金的表面粗糙度演变
为了提高定向能沉积(DED)制造的样品的表面质量,将减法工艺与增材制造相结合,这种方法被称为增材/减法混合制造(ASHM)。这项工作建立了减法工艺的表面质量与加法制造工艺参数之间的相关性。结果表明,高线性能量密度可以改善减材工艺的表面质量。为了全面分析其机理,采用了场发射扫描电子显微镜和纳米压痕技术来研究 ASHMed 试样的微观结构和机械行为。研究发现,线性能量密度的增加可加强对先前沉积层的回火效应,从而促进 MC(M=Mo)碳化物沿晶界析出,并减少晶界缺陷。此外,这种强化作用还能增强晶界强度,从而在减材过程中实现断裂机制从晶间断裂向晶间断裂的转变。因此,ASHMed 样品的表面粗糙度随着线性能量密度的增加而提高。此外,还对 ASHM 过程进行了有限元模拟,结果表明与实验结果非常接近,误差为 6.30%。总之,本文所述模型可以预测 ASHM 制造的 1Cr12Ni3MoVN 合金的表面质量。
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