Dynamics of the Aspiration of Charged Droplets into a LC-ESI-MS System

Abstract

Electrospray ionization (ESI) enables coupling between liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (MS). Since it is a gentle ionization method, it is frequently used for the analysis of large biomolecules. In recent years, several experimental setups have demonstrated that the use of ESI results in the formation of charged droplets that are aspirated into the vacuum systems of mass spectrometers. This results in a variety of consequences, such as instrument contamination, which can impede the analytical performance. We investigate the signatures of aspirated charged droplets with a commercial LC-ESI-MS system at analytical conditions. Previous observations without LC coupling are reproduced and show that significant droplet aspiration is probably taking place at analytical LC-ESI-MS conditions. This common phenomenon likely decreases the instrument sensitivity. Analyte can be released by isolation and fragmentation of droplet fragments; thus, aspirated droplets can mask analyte even in the mass analyzer region. The complex morphology of droplet MS/MS mass spectra is highly reproducible at the same experimental conditions. This implies the existence of distinct molecular reaction pathways of the droplet fragments. To assess the effect of droplet aspiration on analytical applications, relevant method and ion source parameters, which are commonly varied during method optimization, were investigated. Further variations of the solvent composition revealed that the aspirated droplets and their fragmentation are particularly sensitive to the solvent composition and thus also to the LC solvent gradient in an analytical experiment.