Conceptualization of collaboration, cooperation, and coordination in construction projects

Sina Moradi, Ole Jonny Klakegg
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Abstract

The growing complexity of construction projects and involved parties’ dependence on each other’s capabilities have substantially increased the significance of working together. Meanwhile, the emergence of new paradigms in construction project delivery has been a strong enabler for deep collaboration between project participants. Equality, fair share of risk-reward, trust-based working relationships, and open communication are underlying constructs in these new paradigms. Despite of the recognized importance of collaboration, it is still a confusing concept for many people in the academia and practice. This confusion partly comes from the fact that there is no concrete conceptualization of collaboration and its accompanying terms (cooperation and coordination). This issue subsequently causes wrong or loose definitions and applications of the term collaboration. Hence, this study aims to contribute toward theory and practice by developing a concrete conceptualization of the collaboration, cooperation, and coordination in the context of construction based on a literature review. The findings reveal characteristics of collaboration, cooperation, and coordination and explain the forms in which these concepts materialize. The findings, with an ontological perspective, provide novel insights for the research community and industry practitioners regarding the definition and realization of collaboration, cooperation, and coordination.
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建筑项目中协作、合作和协调的概念化
建筑项目的复杂性与日俱增,参与各方对彼此能力的依赖性大大增加了合作的重要性。与此同时,建筑项目交付新模式的出现也为项目参与方之间的深度合作提供了强大的推动力。平等、公平分担风险回报、以信任为基础的工作关系和开放式沟通是这些新模式的基本构架。尽管合作的重要性已得到公认,但对于学术界和实践界的许多人来说,合作仍然是一个令人困惑的概念。造成这种困惑的部分原因是对协作及其相关术语(合作与协调)没有一个具体的概念。这个问题导致了对协作一词的错误或松散的定义和应用。因此,本研究的目的是在文献综述的基础上,对建筑工程中的协作、合作和协调进行具体概念化,从而为理论和实践做出贡献。研究结果揭示了协作、合作和协调的特征,并解释了这些概念的具体体现形式。这些发现从本体论的角度,为研究界和行业从业人员提供了关于协作、合作和协调的定义和实现的新见解。
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