Upregulation of ZMAT3 is Associated with the Poor Prognosis of Breast Cancer

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. Identifying robust biomarkers for predicting outcomes is essential for improving patient care and reducing fatalities. ZMAT3, a zinc finger protein with potential carcinogenic properties, has been associated with various cancers. However, its role in breast cancer prognosis remains unclear.
Methods: We investigated the expression level of ZMAT3 in breast cancer tissues and its association with clinical outcomes through bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation. We examined the correlation between ZMAT3 expression and immune characteristics. ZMAT3 mRNA expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were analysed in relation to overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS) and progression-free interval (PFI) in patients with breast cancer. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on breast cancer tissues to assess ZMAT3 protein levels, with findings validated using qPCR and cell experiments.
Results: ZMAT3 mRNA levels were significantly upregulated in breast cancer samples compared to normal tissues. High ZMAT3 expression was significantly correlated with the poor OS, DSS and PFI. A significant positive correlation was observed between high ZMAT3 mRNA levels and the abundance of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), especially CD8+T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified ZMAT3 as an independent prognostic factor for breast cancer. IHC staining confirmed increased ZMAT3 protein expression in breast cancer tissues, which was further validated by qPCR and cell function tests.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that ZMAT3 is a prognostic biomarker linked to immune invasion in breast cancer. Elevated ZMAT3 expression correlates with adverse clinical outcomes, indicating its potential role in disease progression.