The Effects of Humidity on the Velocity-Dependence and Frictional Ageing of Nanoscale Silica Contacts

IF 2.9 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Tribology Letters Pub Date : 2024-08-19 DOI:10.1007/s11249-024-01904-x
J. Brandon McClimon, Zhuohan Li, Khagendra Baral, David Goldsby, Izabela Szlufarska, Robert W. Carpick
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Abstract

This work examines the effect of environmental humidity on rate-and-state friction behavior of nanoscale silica-silica nanoscale contacts in an atomic force microscope, particularly, its effect on frictional ageing and velocity-weakening vs. strengthening friction from 10 nm/s to 100 μm/s sliding velocities. At extremely low humidities (\(\ll 1\% RH\)), ageing is nearly absent for up to 100 s of nominally stationary contact, and friction is strongly velocity-strengthening. This is consistent with dry interfacial friction, where thermal excitations help overcome static friction at low sliding velocities. At higher humidity levels (10–40% RH), ageing becomes pronounced and is accompanied by much higher kinetic friction and velocity-weakening behavior. This is attributed to water-catalyzed interfacial Si–O-Si bond formation. At the highest humidities examined (> 40% RH), ageing subsides, kinetic friction drops to low levels, and friction is velocity-strengthening again. These responses are attributed to intercalated water separating the interfaces, which precludes interfacial bonding. The trends in velocity-dependent friction are reproduced and explained using a computational multi-bond model. Our model explicitly simulates bond formation and bond-breaking, and the passivation and reactivation of reaction sites across the interface during sliding, where the activation energies for interfacial chemical reactions are dependent on humidity. These results provide potential insights into nanoscale mechanisms that may contribute to the humidity dependence observed in prior macroscale rock friction studies. They also provide a possible microphysical foundation to understand the role of water in interfacial systems with water-catalyzed bonding reactions, and demonstrate a profound change in the interfacial physics near and above saturated humidity conditions.

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湿度对纳米级二氧化硅触点速度依赖性和摩擦老化的影响
这项工作在原子力显微镜下研究了环境湿度对纳米级二氧化硅-二氧化硅纳米级接触的速率和状态摩擦行为的影响,特别是对摩擦老化和从10 nm/s到100 μm/s滑动速度的速度减弱与加强摩擦的影响。在极低的湿度下((ll 1\% RH/)),在长达100秒的名义静止接触中几乎不存在老化,摩擦具有强烈的速度增强作用。这与干界面摩擦一致,在干界面摩擦中,热激励有助于克服低滑动速度下的静摩擦。在湿度较高(10%-40% RH)的情况下,老化变得明显,并伴随着更高的动摩擦力和速度减弱行为。这归因于水催化了界面 Si-O-Si 键的形成。在研究的最高湿度(40% RH)下,老化减弱,动摩擦力下降到较低水平,摩擦速度再次增强。这些反应归因于夹层水将界面隔开,从而阻止了界面结合。利用多键计算模型再现并解释了随速度变化的摩擦趋势。我们的模型明确模拟了滑动过程中键的形成和断裂,以及界面上反应位点的钝化和再活化,其中界面化学反应的活化能取决于湿度。这些结果提供了对纳米尺度机制的潜在见解,这些机制可能会导致之前的宏观岩石摩擦研究中观察到的湿度依赖性。它们还提供了一个可能的微观物理基础,以了解水在具有水催化成键反应的界面系统中的作用,并展示了在接近和高于饱和湿度条件下界面物理的深刻变化。
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来源期刊
Tribology Letters
Tribology Letters 工程技术-工程:化工
CiteScore
5.30
自引率
9.40%
发文量
116
审稿时长
2.5 months
期刊介绍: Tribology Letters is devoted to the development of the science of tribology and its applications, particularly focusing on publishing high-quality papers at the forefront of tribological science and that address the fundamentals of friction, lubrication, wear, or adhesion. The journal facilitates communication and exchange of seminal ideas among thousands of practitioners who are engaged worldwide in the pursuit of tribology-based science and technology.
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