Misclassification of Eyes With Progressive Keratoconus Using the KISA% Index.

Abstract

PURPOSE To determine the misclassification rate of the keratoconus percentage (KISA%) index efficacy in eyes with progressive keratoconus. METHODS This was a retrospective case-control study of consecutive patients with confirmed progressive keratoconus and a contemporaneous normal control group with 1.00 diopters or greater regular astigmatism. Scheimpflug imaging (Pentacam HR) was obtained for all patients. KISA% index and inferior-superior (IS) values were obtained from the Pentacam topometric/keratoconus staging map. Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated to determine the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), sensitivity, and specificity values. RESULTS There were 160 eyes from 160 patients evaluated, including 80 eyes from 80 patients with progressive keratoconus and 80 eyes from 80 control patients. There were 20 eyes (25%) with progressive keratoconus misclassified by the KISA% index, with 16 eyes (20%) of the progressive keratoconus cohort classified as normal (ie, KISA% < 60). There were 4 eyes (5%) with progressive keratoconus that would classify as having "normal topography" using the published criteria for very asymmetric ectasia with normal topography of KISA% less than 60 and IS value less than 1.45. All controls had a KISA% index value of less than 15. The optimal cut-off value to distinguish cohorts was 15.31 (AUROC = 0.972, 93.75% sensitivity). KISA% index values of 60 and 100 achieved low sensitivity (80% and 73.75%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The KISA% index misclassified a significant proportion of eyes with progressive keratoconus as normal. Although highly specific for clinical keratoconus, the KISA% index lacks sensitivity, does not effectively discriminate between normal and abnormal topography, and thus should not be used in large data analysis or artificial intelligence-based modeling. [J Refract Surg. 2024;40(9):e614-e624.].