{"title":"Frequency modulation of an aerodynamic whistle-based bat deterrent","authors":"Zhangming Zeng, Anupam Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2024.110276","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aerodynamic whistle-based bat deterrent by Zeng and Sharma 2021, (Aerodynamic-whistles-based ultrasonic tone generators for bat deterrence, Physics of Fluids, 35, 2021) is numerically and experimentally analyzed for frequency modulation. Supply air pressure is modulated at various frequencies, amplitudes, and waveforms. At low frequencies (up to 100 Hz), the whistle exhibits quasi-steady behavior, and the radiated ultrasound follows the prescribed modulation. However, modulation at higher frequencies introduces multiple tones and distorts the modulation pattern. Measured farfield acoustic spectrograms reveal waveform skewness, likely due to nonlinear wave propagation in the conduit between the regulator and the whistle.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Acoustics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Applied Acoustics","FirstCategoryId":"101","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003682X24004274","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ACOUSTICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The aerodynamic whistle-based bat deterrent by Zeng and Sharma 2021, (Aerodynamic-whistles-based ultrasonic tone generators for bat deterrence, Physics of Fluids, 35, 2021) is numerically and experimentally analyzed for frequency modulation. Supply air pressure is modulated at various frequencies, amplitudes, and waveforms. At low frequencies (up to 100 Hz), the whistle exhibits quasi-steady behavior, and the radiated ultrasound follows the prescribed modulation. However, modulation at higher frequencies introduces multiple tones and distorts the modulation pattern. Measured farfield acoustic spectrograms reveal waveform skewness, likely due to nonlinear wave propagation in the conduit between the regulator and the whistle.
对 Zeng 和 Sharma 2021 年提出的基于空气动力哨声的蝙蝠威慑装置（Aerodynamic-whistles-based ultrasonic tone generators for bat deterrence，Physics of Fluids，35，2021）进行了频率调制的数值和实验分析。供应气压以不同的频率、振幅和波形进行调制。在低频（最高 100 Hz）下，哨声表现出准稳定行为，辐射超声波遵循规定的调制。然而，在较高频率下的调制会引入多个音调，并扭曲调制模式。测量的远场声谱图显示波形偏斜，这可能是由于调节器和哨声之间的导管中存在非线性波传播。
期刊介绍：
Since its launch in 1968, Applied Acoustics has been publishing high quality research papers providing state-of-the-art coverage of research findings for engineers and scientists involved in applications of acoustics in the widest sense.
Applied Acoustics looks not only at recent developments in the understanding of acoustics but also at ways of exploiting that understanding. The Journal aims to encourage the exchange of practical experience through publication and in so doing creates a fund of technological information that can be used for solving related problems. The presentation of information in graphical or tabular form is especially encouraged. If a report of a mathematical development is a necessary part of a paper it is important to ensure that it is there only as an integral part of a practical solution to a problem and is supported by data. Applied Acoustics encourages the exchange of practical experience in the following ways: • Complete Papers • Short Technical Notes • Review Articles; and thereby provides a wealth of technological information that can be used to solve related problems.
Manuscripts that address all fields of applications of acoustics ranging from medicine and NDT to the environment and buildings are welcome.
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