Massive MIMO-OTFS-Based Random Access for Cooperative LEO Satellite Constellations

Boxiao Shen;Yongpeng Wu;Shiqi Gong;Heng Liu;Björn Ottersten;Wenjun Zhang
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Abstract

This paper investigates joint device identification, channel estimation, and symbol detection for cooperative multi-satellite-enhanced random access, where orthogonal time-frequency space modulation with the large antenna array is utilized to combat the dynamics of the terrestrial-satellite links (TSLs). We introduce the generalized complex exponential basis expansion model to parameterize TSLs, thereby reducing the pilot overhead. By exploiting the block sparsity of the TSLs in the angular domain, a message passing algorithm is designed for initial channel estimation. Subsequently, we examine two cooperative modes to leverage the spatial diversity within satellite constellations: the centralized mode, where computations are performed at a high-power central server, and the distributed mode, where computations are offloaded to edge satellites with minimal signaling overhead. Specifically, in the centralized mode, device identification is achieved by aggregating backhaul information from edge satellites, and channel estimation and symbol detection are jointly enhanced through a structured approximate expectation propagation (AEP) algorithm. In the distributed mode, edge satellites share channel information and exchange soft information about data symbols, leading to a distributed version of AEP. The introduced basis expansion model for TSLs enables the efficient implementation of both centralized and distributed algorithms via fast Fourier transform. Simulation results demonstrate that proposed schemes significantly outperform conventional algorithms in terms of the activity error rate, the normalized mean squared error, and the symbol error rate. Notably, the distributed mode achieves performance comparable to the centralized mode with only two exchanges of soft information about data symbols within the constellation.
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基于大规模 MIMO-OTFS 的低地轨道卫星合作星座随机接入
本文研究了合作多星增强随机接入的联合设备识别、信道估计和符号检测,其中利用大型天线阵列的正交时频空间调制来对抗地星链路(TSLs)的动态。我们引入广义复指数基展开模型来参数化tsl,从而减少导频开销。利用TSLs在角域的块稀疏性,设计了一种初始信道估计的消息传递算法。随后,我们研究了利用卫星星座空间多样性的两种合作模式:集中式模式,其中计算在高功率中央服务器上执行,以及分布式模式,其中计算以最小的信号开销卸载到边缘卫星。具体而言,在集中式模式下,通过汇聚来自边缘卫星的回程信息来实现设备识别,并通过结构化近似期望传播(AEP)算法共同增强信道估计和符号检测。在分布式模式下,边缘卫星共享信道信息,交换数据符号软信息,形成分布式版本的AEP。引入的tsl基展开模型通过快速傅里叶变换实现了集中式和分布式算法的高效实现。仿真结果表明,所提方案在活动错误率、归一化均方误差和符号错误率方面明显优于传统算法。值得注意的是,分布式模式实现了与集中式模式相当的性能,只有两次关于星座内数据符号的软信息交换。
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