Assessing Radioactivity in Agricultural Soils: Spatial Distribution Patterns, Area-Specific Influences, and Radiological Hazard

IF 2.3 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACS agricultural science & technology Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI:10.1021/acsagscitech.4c0026510.1021/acsagscitech.4c00265
Olga Belyaeva, Nona Movsisyan*, Konstantin Pyuskyulyan, Spartak Hovhannisyan and Lilit Sahakyan, 
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Abstract

Natural and artificial radioactivity of agricultural soils poses significant environmental and health risks, necessitating detailed spatial analysis and hazard assessment. This study examines the spatial distribution of natural and artificial radionuclides (NOR and Cs-137), gross α and β activity, and in situ dose rates in agricultural soils through statistical and geostatistical techniques. NOR, Cs-137, and gross β activity exhibited high values and outliers, highlighting distinct distribution patterns. The Cs-137-altitude regression model consistently increased Cs-137 by 0.03 Bq/kg/m in height. Spatial distribution of natural radioactivity implies geology as a primary factor influencing the NOR distribution. However, analysis of spatial clusters and outliers unveiled geochemical variability for Ra-226 and Th-232, while the K-40 distribution appeared spatially random, potentially linked to agricultural activity. Additionally, a significant disparity in the distribution of K-40 by land use was identified, potentially attributable to potassium fertilizer application. Despite variability, average NOR values (394 Bq/kg for K-40, 22.5 Bq/kg for Ra-226, and 24.8 Bq/kg for Th-232) fall within UNSCEAR ranges. Gamma-emitting radionuclide-induced doses and risk primarily impacted nonresidential areas. These findings can be used in land use decisions, guide the development of contamination mitigation strategies to ensure safe agricultural practices, and help predict areas at risk of higher contamination for targeted remediation efforts.

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评估农业土壤中的放射性:空间分布模式、特定区域影响和放射性危害
农业土壤中的天然和人工放射性会对环境和健康造成重大风险,因此有必要进行详细的空间分析和危害评估。本研究通过统计和地质统计技术,研究了农田土壤中天然和人工放射性核素(NOR 和 Cs-137)、总 α 和 β 放射性活度以及原位剂量率的空间分布。NOR、Cs-137 和总 β 放射性活度呈现出高值和离群值,突显出不同的分布模式。铯-137-高度回归模型使铯-137 在高度上持续增加 0.03 Bq/kg/m。天然放射性的空间分布意味着地质是影响 NOR 分布的主要因素。然而,对空间集群和异常值的分析揭示了镭-226 和钍-232 的地球化学变异性,而 K-40 的分布在空间上似乎是随机的,可能与农业活动有关。此外,按土地用途划分,K-40 的分布存在显著差异,这可能与施用钾肥有关。尽管存在差异,但平均 NOR 值(K-40 为 394 Bq/kg,Ra-226 为 22.5 Bq/kg,Th-232 为 24.8 Bq/kg)仍在 UNSCEAR 的范围之内。伽马放射性核素诱发的剂量和风险主要影响非居住区。这些研究结果可用于土地使用决策,指导制定污染缓解战略以确保安全的农业实践,并有助于预测污染风险较高的地区,以开展有针对性的修复工作。
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